Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains the most common form of acute leukemia among adults and accounts for the largest number of annual deaths due to leukemias in the United States. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for AML provide recommendations on the diagnostic evaluation and workup for AML, risk assessment based on cytogenetic and molecular features, treatment options for induction and consolidation therapies for younger and older (age ≥ 65 years) adult patients, and key supportive care considerations.

Expression of surface-associated 82kDa-proMMP-9 in primary acute leukemia blast cells inversely correlates with patients' risk

“…Samples were stratified according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines [13]. Accordingly, abnormalities with a better risk were defined by the presence of t(8;21), t(15;17), or inv/t(16) aberrations, and those with a poor risk by the presence of del/t11q23 (other than t(9;11)), der5/5q, der7/7q, t(6;9), inv3, or t(3;3) aberrations or a complex karyotype with three or more numerical or structural abnormalities.…”

“…3A, B). Moreover, an inverse bivariate correlation was observed between the level of 82kDa-proMMP-9-positive AML blasts and the risk status determined according to the guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [13] (rho 5 À0.748, p ! 0.001).…”

Multiparametric Whole Blood Dissection: A one‐shot comprehensive picture of the human hematopoietic system

“…Abnormal hematopoiesis can also result from the aberrant expansion of transformed hematopoietic cells. In case of Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) the leukemic blasts dominate the BM compartment with profound suppression of other hematopoietic lineages 1, 2, 11, 13, 26, 27, 28. Leukemic blasts often display aberrant immunophenotypes differing from normal mature cells on the presence of immature‐cell surface markers and low/mild CD45 expression 1, 2, 29, 30.…”

Protein expression and subcellular localization of familial acute myelogenous leukemia-related factor

“…Mutations in nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) and the internal tandem duplications in FLT3 predict positive AML prognosis (3), and mutations in several genes such as MLL-PTD, FLT3/ITD, WT1, and C-KIT predict negative AML prognosis (4-7). Thus, screening for mutations in CEBPA, NPM1, FLT3, and KIT is part of the routine workup for AML (8,9).…”

“…Mutations in nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) and the internal tandem duplications in FLT3 predict positive AML prognosis (3), and mutations in several genes such as MLL-PTD, FLT3/ITD, WT1, and C-KIT predict negative AML prognosis (4-7). Thus, screening for mutations in CEBPA, NPM1, FLT3, and KIT is part of the routine workup for AML (8,9).A number of drugs targeting AML-related genes have been tested for their efficacy in treating AML, including TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and tipifarnib, an inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (FTase), alone or in combination with other anti-leukemia drugs (10,11). Inhibitors of histone deacetylase, proteasome and Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides have also been used as targeted drugs in the clinical treatment of AML (12).…”