Acute myelogenous leukemia in adolescents and young adults

Creutzig, Ursula; Kutny, Matthew A.; Barr, Ronald D.; Schlenk, Richard F.; Ribeiro, Raul C.

doi:10.1002/pbc.27089

Cited by 63 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…52 The biological characteristics of tumors in children can differ from those seen in adolescents; for example, adolescents with AML tend to have more unfavorable cytogenetics. 53 In addition, as adolescents get older, they are less often referred to and receive cancer care from Children's Oncology Group institutions. 54 As a result, adolescents increasingly are treated at institutions that do not have access to pediatric clinical trial protocols and are less likely to be enrolled in clinical trials than children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric cancer mortality and survival in the United States, 2001‐2016

Siegel

Richardson

Henley

et al. 2020

Cancer

101

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Background Although pediatric cancer mortality and survival have improved in the United States over the past 40 years, differences exist by age, race/ethnicity, cancer site, and economic status. To assess progress, this study examined recent mortality and survival data for individuals younger than 20 years. Methods Age‐adjusted death rates were calculated with the National Vital Statistics System for 2002‐2016. Annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) were calculated with joinpoint regression. Five‐year relative survival was calculated on the basis of National Program of Cancer Registries data for 2001‐2015. Death rates and survival were estimated overall and by sex, 5‐year age group, race/ethnicity, cancer type, and county‐based economic markers. Results Death rates decreased during 2002‐2016 (AAPC, –1.5), with steeper declines during 2002‐2009 (APC, –2.6), and then plateaued (APC, –0.4). Leukemia and brain cancer were the most common causes of death from pediatric cancer, and brain cancer surpassed leukemia in 2011. Death rates decreased for leukemia and lymphoma but were unchanged for brain, bone, and soft‐tissue cancers. From 2001‐2007 to 2008‐2015, survival improved from 82.0% to 85.1%. Survival was highest in both periods among females, those aged 15 to 19 years, non‐Hispanic Whites, and those in counties in the top 25% by economic status. Survival improved for leukemias, lymphomas, and brain cancers but plateaued for bone and soft‐tissue cancers. Conclusions Although overall death rates have decreased and survival has increased, differences persist by sex, age, race/ethnicity, cancer type, and economic status. Improvements in pediatric cancer outcomes may depend on improving therapies, access to care, and supportive and long‐term care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric cancer mortality and survival in the United States, 2001‐2016

Siegel

Richardson

Henley

et al. 2020

Cancer

101

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“…Interestingly, the incidence of Ph-like ALL appears to decrease in older adults [36]. Likewise, in AML, increasing age is also associated with decreased prevalence of favorable cytogenetics, such as t (15:17), t(8:21), and inv (16)] [37]. The molecular landscape in pediatric AML has been described recently and differs significantly from that of adults.…”

Section: Disease Biology and Optimizing Disease Control Pre-and Post-hctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Challenges of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adolescent and Young Adults with Hematologic Malignancies

Mehta

Rotz

Majhail

2018

Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation

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Slow but definite progress has been made in recognizing the differences in disease biology, host factors, and psychosocial issues related to management of hematologic malignancies, including hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. Improvement in survival rates among AYAs undergoing HCT for hematologic malignancies have paralleled those seen among children and older adults in the contemporary era. However, overall outcomes remain inferior compared with those in children owing largely to higher rates of treatment related mortality and late relapses in AYA HCT recipients. We review the unique issues and challenges facing AYAs with hematologic malignancies undergoing HCT, identify unmet needs and gaps in care, and describe potential strategies to address them. A patient-centric and multidisciplinary approach to AYA HCT care with lifelong follow-up is necessary to ensure long-term health.

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“…Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the second most frequent haematological malignancy in the paediatric population and remains a leading cause of childhood cancer mortality. With little improvement in the last few decades, survival remains around 70% [ 1 ] despite treatments that include maximally intensive chemotherapies and myeloablative haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The anti-leukaemia effect mediated by the lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells of the donor immune system has been established in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and also as adoptive immunotherapy after consolidation chemotherapy schemes, but the most common cause of death remains relapse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of the difficulty in treating AML is caused by its clinical and molecular heterogeneity [ 2 ] with a range of cytogenetic rearrangements having been described (reviewed recently by [ 3 ]). There is a clear association between age, genetic mutations, cytogenetic rearrangements and survival [ 1 ], but few genetic abnormalities appear in more than 20% of patients [ 3 ]. Diagnostic and prognostic markers of AML such as KIT [ 4 , 5 ], FLT3 [ 6 ], CEBPA [ 7 , 8 ] and NPM1 [ 9 ] have been identified in both adult and paediatric AML, although few of the tumour antigens known in adult AML (recently reviewed in [ 10 ]) have been investigated in paediatric AML (reviewed in [ 11 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Genes Whose Expression Overlaps Age Boundaries and Correlates with Risk Groups in Paediatric and Adult Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Davis

Mills

Orchard

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Few studies have compared gene expression in paediatric and adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In this study, we have analysed mRNA-sequencing data from two publicly accessible databases: (1) National Cancer Institute’s Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (NCI-TARGET), examining paediatric patients, and (2) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), examining adult patients with AML. With a particular focus on 144 known tumour antigens, we identified STEAP1, SAGE1, MORC4, SLC34A2 and CEACAM3 as significantly different in their expression between standard and low risk paediatric AML patient subgroups, as well as between poor and good, and intermediate and good risk adult AML patient subgroups. We found significant differences in event-free survival (EFS) in paediatric AML patients, when comparing standard and low risk subgroups, and quartile expression levels of BIRC5, MAGEF1, MELTF, STEAP1 and VGLL4. We found significant differences in EFS in adult AML patients when comparing intermediate and good, and poor and good risk adult AML patient subgroups and quartile expression levels of MORC4 and SAGE1, respectively. When examining Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) (2016) pathway data, we found that genes altered in AML were involved in key processes such as the evasion of apoptosis (BIRC5, WNT1) or the control of cell proliferation (SSX2IP, AML1-ETO). For the first time we have compared gene expression in paediatric AML patients with that of adult AML patients. This study provides unique insights into the differences and similarities in the gene expression that underlies AML, the genes that are significantly differently expressed between risk subgroups, and provides new insights into the molecular pathways involved in AML pathogenesis.

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Acute myelogenous leukemia in adolescents and young adults

Cited by 63 publications

References 75 publications

Pediatric cancer mortality and survival in the United States, 2001‐2016

Pediatric cancer mortality and survival in the United States, 2001‐2016

Unique Challenges of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adolescent and Young Adults with Hematologic Malignancies

Identification of Genes Whose Expression Overlaps Age Boundaries and Correlates with Risk Groups in Paediatric and Adult Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

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