Acute moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise promotes purinergic and inflammatory responses in sedentary, overweight and physically active subjects

Abstract

Purinergic signalling is a mechanism of extracellular communication that modulates events related to exercise, such as inflammation and coagulation. Herein, we evaluated the effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on the activities of purinergic enzymes and plasma levels of adenine nucleotides in individuals with distinct metabolic characteristics. We analysed the relationship between purinergic parameters, inflammatory responses and cardiometabolic markers. Twenty-four healthy males were assigned to three groups: normal weight sedentary (n = 8), overweight sedentary (n = 8) and normal weight physically active (n = 8). The volunteers performed an acute session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 70% ofV O 2 peak ; blood samples were drawn at baseline, immediately post-exercise and at 1 h post-exercise. Immediately post-exercise, all subjects showed increases in ATP, ADP, AMP and p-nitrophenyl thymidine 5′-monophosphate hydrolysis, while AMP hydrolysis remained increased at 1 h after exercise. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated lower levels of ATP and ADP at post-and 1 h post-exercise in all groups. Conversely, adenosine and inosine levels increased at postexercise, but only adenosine remained augmented at 1 h after exercise in all groups. With regard to inflammatory responses, the exercise protocol increased tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) concentrations in all subjects, but only TNF-α remained elevated at 1 h after exercise. Significant correlations were found between the activity of 5′-nucleotidase, adenosine levels,V O 2 peak , triglyceride, TNF-α and IL-8 levels. Our findings suggest a purinergic signalling pathway that participates, at least partially, in the inflammatory responses triggered by acute moderate-intensity

Effects of physical exercise on the functionality of human nucleotidases: A systematic review

“…After full‐text analysis, five articles were excluded; four did not address the outcome of interest and the other was an expanded abstract. After full‐text evaluation, 13 studies were included in this review (Coppola et al, 2005 ; da Silveira et al, 2018 ; Dorneles et al, 2019 ; Karabulut et al, 2011 ; Kirby et al, 2012 ; Lammers et al, 2020 ; Mânica et al, 2020 ; Martins, Bagatini, Cardoso, Zanini, Abdalla, Baldissarelli, Dalenogare, dos Santos, et al, 2016 ; Martins, Bagatini, Cardoso, Zanini, Abdalla, Baldissarelli, Dalenogare, Farinha, et al, 2016 ; Miron et al, 2019 ; Moritz et al, 2017 ; Moritz et al, 2021 ; Yegutkin et al, 2007 ) (Figure 1 ).…”

“…The main characteristics of the included studies are shown in Table 1 . Among the 13 included studies, eight (61.53%) (Coppola et al, 2005 ; Dorneles et al, 2019 ; Karabulut et al, 2011 ; Kirby et al, 2012 ; Miron et al, 2019 ; Moritz et al, 2017 ; Moritz et al, 2021 ; Yegutkin et al, 2007 ) exclusively studied healthy individuals and five (38.47%) (da Silveira et al, 2018 ; Lammers et al, 2020 ; Mânica et al, 2020 ; Martins, Bagatini, Cardoso, Zanini, Abdalla, Baldissarelli, Dalenogare, dos Santos, et al, 2016 ; Martins, Bagatini, Cardoso, Zanini, Abdalla, Baldissarelli, Dalenogare, Farinha, et al, 2016 ) reported on individuals with a disease. With the regard to the studies with healthy individuals, two studies (15.38%) (Karabulut et al, 2011 ; Moritz et al, 2017 ) included healthy and sedentary subjects, one (7.7%) (Kirby et al, 2012 ) included healthy young and older adults, one (7.7%) (Miron et al, 2019 ) included semi‐professional athletes and four (30.76%) (Coppola et al, 2005 ; Dorneles et al, 2019 ; Moritz et al, 2021 ; Yegutkin et al, 2007 ) studies included healthy sedentary and trained/physically active subjects.…”

“…Among the 13 included studies, eight (61.53%) (Coppola et al, 2005 ; Dorneles et al, 2019 ; Karabulut et al, 2011 ; Kirby et al, 2012 ; Miron et al, 2019 ; Moritz et al, 2017 ; Moritz et al, 2021 ; Yegutkin et al, 2007 ) exclusively studied healthy individuals and five (38.47%) (da Silveira et al, 2018 ; Lammers et al, 2020 ; Mânica et al, 2020 ; Martins, Bagatini, Cardoso, Zanini, Abdalla, Baldissarelli, Dalenogare, dos Santos, et al, 2016 ; Martins, Bagatini, Cardoso, Zanini, Abdalla, Baldissarelli, Dalenogare, Farinha, et al, 2016 ) reported on individuals with a disease. With the regard to the studies with healthy individuals, two studies (15.38%) (Karabulut et al, 2011 ; Moritz et al, 2017 ) included healthy and sedentary subjects, one (7.7%) (Kirby et al, 2012 ) included healthy young and older adults, one (7.7%) (Miron et al, 2019 ) included semi‐professional athletes and four (30.76%) (Coppola et al, 2005 ; Dorneles et al, 2019 ; Moritz et al, 2021 ; Yegutkin et al, 2007 ) studies included healthy sedentary and trained/physically active subjects. With respect to studies that included unhealthy individuals, two studies (15.38%) (Martins, Bagatini, Cardoso, Zanini, Abdalla, Baldissarelli, Dalenogare, dos Santos, et al, 2016 ; Martins, Bagatini, Cardoso, Zanini, Abdalla, Baldissarelli, Dalenogare, Farinha, et al, 2016 ) included metabolic syndrome patients and healthy individuals, one (7.7%) (da Silveira et al, 2018 ) included chronic kidney disease patients and two (15.38%) (Lammers et al, 2020 ; Mânica et al, 2020 ) included hypertensive patients.…”

“…Copolla et al (Coppola et al, 2005) and Dorneles et al (Dorneles et al, 2019) observed an increase in NTPDase1/ CD39 expression in B-lymphocytes, CD4 + CD25 −, and CD4 + CD25 + T cells in healthy sedentary and physically active males after maximal exercise test and HIIE acute session. Yegutkin et al, 2007;Kirby et al, 2012;Moritz et al, 2017;Moritz et al, 2021 also observed an increase in nucleotidase activities in response to different exercise protocols, applied to trained, and sedentary healthy individuals. Additionally, these studies demonstrated that exercise was able to modify, at least transiently, purine levels in blood plasma and serum.…”

Impact of 12-Week Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training on Inflammasome Complex Activation in Elderly Women

“…Exercise training-dependent alteration of immune function is associated with the activation of several local and systemic responses. For instance, exercise activates purinergic signaling (ATP, ADP, adenosine, related receptors, and enzymes) ( Moritz et al, 2021 ). The purinergic system has relevance in inflammatory response and, particularly, in the shift from the pro-inflammatory response to acute, intense exercise to the anti-inflammatory response associated with chronic exercise ( Cardoso et al, 2021 ).…”