Acute Meningitis Prognosis Using Cerebrospinal Fluid Interleukin-6 Levels

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukins-12(p40), 6, and 10 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and outcome prediction in Ossimi sheep with encephalitic listeriosis

“…Sheep had CSF TNFa, IL-12(p40) and Il-6 levels >80.7, 117.5 and 490.5 pg/mL, respectively were more likely to die. This confirms the deleterious effect of such cytokines, already reported in other species in multiple studies [10,13,14,[24][25][26][27][28].…”

“…mediators in the meningeal inflammatory process. Similarly, in human patients, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha are found an important mediators and good indicators for the extent of the meningeal inflammation [14,23]. TNFa, IL-12(p40) and Il-6 in CSF were significantly higher in non-survivors sheep compared with survivors.…”

“…In human patients, studies been conducted to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of CSF cytokines in bacterial meningitis [13,14]. However, in sheep, one report have been assessed the role of selected CSF biochemical and immunological parameters for their prognostic value [15].…”

Raised Proinflammatory Cytokine Production Within Cerebrospinal Fluid Precedes Fever Onset in Patients With Neurosurgery-Associated Bacterial Meningitis*

“…Furthermore, commonly used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters (i.e., CSF leukocytes and protein) and proposed clinical prediction models are of limited value when trying to differentiate between aseptic and bacterial meningitides (8,9), leading to investigative delays and diagnostic dilemmas for surgeons. However, recent evidence suggests that specific CSF biomarkers, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and procalcitonin, could be of early diagnostic value in such patients (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), enabling timely detection and prompt treatment.…”

Interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomarker of acute meningitis

“…Interestingly, several studies have demonstrated that high CSF IL-6 levels can be found in bacterial and viral meningitis. 25,26,27 However, slight elevations of CSF IL-6 levels have also been found in patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, trauma and after exhaustive exercise. 25,28,29 Fast, highly sensitive tests that can help in the differential diagnosis of bacterial from aseptic meningitis would be of great interest.…”