Acute liver failure

Arshad, Mohammed Asif; Murphy, Nick; Bangash, Mansoor N.

doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-0612

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“… Acute liver failure in paediatric patients was defined as INR ≥ 1.5 not corrected by vitamin K in the presence of clinical hepatic encephalopathy or INR ≥ 2.0 regardless of the presence or absence of clinical hepatic encephalopathy [ 10 , 12 ]. Acute liver failure in adult patients was defined as hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy INR ≥ 1.5, in patients without pre-existing cirrhosis, and an illness of < 26 weeks duration [ 13 ]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A retrospective study assessing the clinical outcomes and costs of acute hepatitis A in Cape Town, South Africa

et al. 2022

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Background While some evidence has been demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of routine hepatitis A vaccination in middle-income countries, the evidence is still limited in other settings including in South Africa. Given this, the evidence base around the cost of care for hepatitis A needs to be developed towards considerations of introducing hepatitis A vaccines in the national immunisation schedule and guidelines. Objectives To describe the severity, clinical outcomes, and cost of hepatitis A cases presenting to two tertiary healthcare centers in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods We conducted a retrospective folder review of patients presenting with hepatitis A at two tertiary level hospitals providing care for urban communities of metropolitan Cape Town, South Africa. Patients included in this folder review tested positive for hepatitis A immunoglobulin M between 1 January 2008 and 1 March 2018. Results In total, 239 folders of hepatitis A paediatric patients < 15 years old and 212 folders of hepatitis A adult patients $$\ge$$ ≥ 15 years old were included in the study. Before presenting for tertiary level care, more than half of patients presented for an initial consultation at either a community clinic or general physician. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.45 days for adult patients and 3.11 days for paediatric patients. Three adult patients in the study population died as a result of hepatitis A infection and 29 developed complicated hepatitis A. One paediatric patient in the study population died as a result of hepatitis A infection and 27 developed complicated hepatitis A, including 4 paediatric patients diagnosed with acute liver failure. The total cost per hepatitis A hospitalisation was $1935.41 for adult patients and $563.06 for paediatric patients, with overhead costs dictated by the length of stay being the largest cost driver. Conclusion More than 1 in every 10 hepatitis A cases (13.3%) included in this study developed complicated hepatitis A or resulted in death. Given the severity of clinical outcomes and high costs associated with hepatitis A hospitalisation, it is important to consider the introduction of hepatitis A immunisation in the public sector in South Africa to potentially avert future morbidity, mortality, and healthcare spending.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute liver failure in adult patients was defined as hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy INR ≥ 1.5, in patients without pre-existing cirrhosis, and an illness of < 26 weeks duration [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study assessing the clinical outcomes and costs of acute hepatitis A in Cape Town, South Africa

et al. 2022

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“…Acute liver failure causes deterioration of liver function and requires liver transplantation to cure the patient. 382 Stem cell therapy can be a promising treatment for liver failure, as MSCs secret anti-inflammatory factors reducing inflammation and promote healing. 383 Cultured MSCs with 20 μm in diameter are larger than the width of the microcapillaries of the lung; 384 therefore, intravenously infused MSCs are short-lived and easily filtered by the lungs and do not reach the liver.…”

Section: Characterization Of Cmc Mimicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute liver failure causes deterioration of liver function and requires liver transplantation to cure the patient . Stem cell therapy can be a promising treatment for liver failure, as MSCs secret anti-inflammatory factors reducing inflammation and promote healing .…”

Section: Characterization Of Cmc Mimicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Membrane-Coated Mimics: A Methodological Approach for Fabrication, Characterization for Therapeutic Applications, and Challenges for Clinical Translation

2021

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Cell membrane-coated (CMC) mimics are micro/nanosystems that combine an isolated cell membrane and a template of choice to mimic the functions of a cell. The design exploits its physicochemical and biological properties for therapeutic applications. The mimics demonstrate excellent biological compatibility, enhanced biointerfacing capabilities, physical, chemical, and biological tunability, ability to retain cellular properties, immune escape, prolonged circulation time, and protect the encapsulated drug from degradation and active targeting. These properties and the ease of adapting them for personalized clinical medicine have generated a significant research interest over the past decade. This review presents a detailed overview of the recent advances in the development of cell membrane-coated (CMC) mimics. The primary focus is to collate and discuss components, fabrication methodologies, and the significance of physiochemical and biological characterization techniques for validating a CMC mimic. We present a critical analysis of the two main components of CMC mimics: the template and the cell membrane and mapped their use in therapeutic scenarios. In addition, we have emphasized on the challenges associated with CMC mimics in their clinical translation. Overall, this review is an up to date toolbox that researchers can benefit from while designing and characterizing CMC mimics.

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“…Mass deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important feature of HF, with destruction of the normal structure and function of the liver (Aydin and Akcali, 2018). LF is characterized by heptatocytic injury and decreased synthetic function and may be caused by a range of factors (Arshad et al, 2020). Histological analysis of LF typically demonstrates new or old necrotic lesions (Dong et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes from various sources: Potential role in liver diseases

Xie

Qian

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Exosomes are extracellular membrane-encapsulated vesicles that are released into the extracellular space or biological fluids by many cell types through exocytosis. As a newly identified form of intercellular signal communication, exosomes mediate various pathological and physiological processes by exchanging various active substances between cells. The incidence and mortality of liver diseases is increasing worldwide. Therefore, we reviewed recent studies evaluating the role of exosomes from various sources in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

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Acute liver failure

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

A retrospective study assessing the clinical outcomes and costs of acute hepatitis A in Cape Town, South Africa

A retrospective study assessing the clinical outcomes and costs of acute hepatitis A in Cape Town, South Africa

Cell Membrane-Coated Mimics: A Methodological Approach for Fabrication, Characterization for Therapeutic Applications, and Challenges for Clinical Translation

Nucleic acids and proteins carried by exosomes from various sources: Potential role in liver diseases

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