Acute kidney injury: risk factors and management challenges in developing countries

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major global health problem in both developed and developing nations, negatively affecting patient morbidity and responsible for an estimated 1.4 million deaths per year. Although the International Society of Nephrology set a goal of eliminating preventable deaths from AKI by 2025, implementation of this program in developing countries presents major challenges not only because of the lack of resources but also because of the scarce data addressing the epidemiology and causes of AKI in developing countries, the limited health care resources to diagnose and treat AKI, and the poor awareness of the impact of AKI on patient outcomes.

Clinical markers to predict progression from acute to chronic kidney disease in Mesoamerican nephropathy

“…Classic risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes, do not underlie disease; MeN first appears as a community-onset, rather than hospital-acquired, renal disease, and young, working-age individuals bear the highest disease burden. 2,[16][17][18][19] MeN clusters geographically in hot, tropical Pacific lowlands of Central America and disproportionately affects communities of low socioeconomic status who depend primarily on agriculture work and other manual labor. Hotspots of high MeN prevalence exist where resources for diagnosis and management, such as renal biopsy, dialysis and transplant are scarce.…”

“…Hotspots of high MeN prevalence exist where resources for diagnosis and management, such as renal biopsy, dialysis and transplant are scarce. 5,[19][20][21] Clinical recognition and management at the earliest possible stage are imperative for reducing MeN-associated mortality.…”

Community Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in Mansoura Nephrology Dialysis Unit: One Year Prospective Observational Study

“…AKI is subdivided into 2 types: Community acquired AKI, which occurs in patients whose admission serum creatinine was sufficiently elevated to meet AKI criteria and Hospital acquired AKI, which occurs when serum creatinine increases 24 h or longer after hospitalization [2]. The International Society of Nephrology set a goal of eradicating preventable deaths due to AKI by 2025, but there are major challenges in this project implementation in developing countries not only because of the inadequate resources but also because of the limited data of DOI: 10.1159/000492063 epidemiology and causes of AKI in these countries [3]. Despite the paucity of quality data for the epidemiology of AKI in developing countries, the prevalence of AKI in this setting is estimated to be higher than that in developed countries.…”

Análise de custo-efetividade da terapia renal substitutiva contínua versus intermitente para pacientes graves com lesão renal aguda, na perspectiva do Sistema Suplementar de Saúde brasileiro

“…Workeneh relata que aproximadamente 1% de todas as internações nos Estados Unidos já apresenta LRA na admissão, elevando-se para 2% a 5% durante a hospitalização, 67% das internações em UTI e desenvolvendo-se em 1% dos pacientes cirúrgicos (Workeneh, 2016). Ponce & Balbi citam que a LRA afeta mais de 13 milhões de pessoas no mundo a cada ano, sendo 85% habitantes de países em desenvolvimento (Ponce & Balbi, 2016).…”