Acute kidney injury in dogs and cats 2. Management, treatment and outcome

Li, Ronald H L; Mugford, Adam; Humm, Karen

doi:10.1136/inp.f3640

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This manifests as free retroperitoneal and peritoneal fluid, peripheral oedema, chemosis and, in severe cases, pulmonary oedema. Therefore, aseptically placing a urethral catheter can be useful and once urine output is known, fluid therapy can be titrated effectively (as described by Li and others [2013]).…”

Section: Toxicants Affecting the Renal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting the intoxicated patient: toxicants affecting the haematological and renal systems

Humm¹,

Tinson²

2020

In Practice

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Background: Many potentially toxic substances are carried by the circulatory system and excreted through the kidneys; therefore, the haematological and renal systems are particularly at risk of damage by a variety of toxicants. Treating affected patients requires a combination of supportive care and specific therapy.Aim of the article: This article is the third in a series of four. It discusses specific toxicants that affect the haematological and renal systems and outlines principles for managing patients presenting with the consequences of intoxication.

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Section: Toxicants Affecting the Renal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting the intoxicated patient: toxicants affecting the haematological and renal systems

Humm¹,

Tinson²

2020

In Practice

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“…In addition to the challenge of identifying the primary cause and clinically stabilizing these patients, adequate nutritional support is another difficulty encountered, usually due to anorexia, vomiting, and hypermetabolism, which aggravates the negative energy balance state (Li et al 2013). With a negative energy balance, there is a deficiency of glucose in the cells and, consequently, stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure

et al. 2021

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Patients with acute renal failure often have a negative energy balance, which promotes metabolic changes predisposing to complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate laboratory parameters of 30 dogs with severe acute renal failure, to assess their relationship with the possibility of developing acute pancreatitis due to the negative energy balance, and to correlate these findings with the degree of renal failure. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, amylase, total lipase, and canine pancreatic lipase were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with severe acute renal failure. A greater serum concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate and greater activity of pancreatic enzymes, particularly canine pancreatic lipase, as well as a stronger correlation between the latter and serum creatinine concentrations, were related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis in patients with severe acute renal failure. A greater degree of renal failure implied a greater predisposition to acute pancreatitis.

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“…Without effective therapeutic and preventive methods, AKI remains as a critical problem, despite significant progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms (2,3). Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of perioperative AKI, caused by the interruption of renal blood flow (ischemia) and subsequent reperfusion (1,4). Canine models for I/R injury have been used for understanding the dynamics of intraoperative renal ischemia and recovery of renal oxygenation during reperfusion (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as an early biomarker for canine renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Cao¹,

Lu²,

Gao³

et al. 2020

Ann Transl Med

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Methods: We randomly divided 12 beagle dogs into a sham and an I/R group. Artery and vein of the left kidneys of I/R group were cross-clamped for 60 min followed by reperfusion. The kidney samples were analyzed for histopathological lesions. Serum and urinary samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr), serum NGAL (sNGAL), urinary creatinine (uCr), and urinary NGAL (uNGAL). Their detection sensitivities and specificities were compared using a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) method. The expression of NGAL in the renal tissues was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.Results: After I/R, histopathological analysis showed typical AKI lesions in the dog kidneys of the I/R group, but not in the sham group. Compared to that of the sham group, BUN and sCr of the I/R group rose to significant high levels from 24 h after I/R. Both uNGAL and sNGAL rose rapidly from 2 h, reached to the peak levels at 12 h, and then receded to the pre-operation levels by 72 h after I/R. The uNGAL/uCr ratio (uNCR) rose rapidly from 2 h and remained at variably high levels from 6 to 60 h after I/R. The ROC analysis showed that detection sensitivities of uNCR, uNGAL, and sNGAL were significantly (P<0.0001) higher than that of sCr, without significant difference in specificity. The cut-off values of sNGAL, uNGAL and uNCR were 14,642 pg/mL, 6,773 pg/mL, and 6,701 pg/mg, respectively. Both qRT-PCR and IHC analyses confirmed the dynamic expression of NGAL in the dog kidneys with ischemic acute kidney injury (I-AKI).Conclusions: There is potential for NGAL to be used as a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of canine I-AKI.

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Acute kidney injury in dogs and cats 2. Management, treatment and outcome

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Supporting the intoxicated patient: toxicants affecting the haematological and renal systems

Supporting the intoxicated patient: toxicants affecting the haematological and renal systems

Predisposition to acute pancreatitis in dogs with severe acute renal failure

Assessment of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as an early biomarker for canine renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

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