Acute Kidney Injury in Children and Its Potential Consequences in Adulthood

Abstract

While emerging evidence indicates that the incidence of both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is rising, and the etiologies are dramatically changing, relatively little is currently known regarding the potential for transition from AKI to CKD. In both situations, early intervention can significantly improve the dismal prognosis. Fortunately, recent data have validated a multidimensional AKI classification system for children, and led to the investigation of the chronic kidney sequelae in many pediatric populations with AKI, or at risk for AKI (children with hemolytic uremic syndrome, neonates or those exposed to repeated nephrotoxic medications). The purpose of this article is to review the changing epidemiology of pediatric AKI and its potential effect on the development of CKD in children.

Childhood kidney disease in developing countries: Is it a forgotten disease?

“…Children with acute kidney injury (AKI) may develop long-term consequences leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD) later in life. [1] Worldwide, epidemiological information on the incidence and prevalence of paediatric AKI and CKD is limited, often imprecise, and flawed by methodological differences between the various data sources, although increasing in scope. This is particularly pertinent in Africa, where the focus is on communicable diseases with lack of proper documentation and renal registries.…”

Acute kidney injury: A pediatric experience over 10 years at a tertiary care center

“…Among the causes of AKI, diseases resulted in acute tubular necrosis such as sepsis, nephrotoxic medication and ischemia were more prevalent (8). The importance of diagnosed AKI is not only because of short-term high morbidity and mortality rate, but also for its effect on developing chronic kidney disease (9). Finding the etiologies and outcomes of AKI, help the health system to decrease the incidence and improve outcome.…”

Día Mundial del Riñón 2016. Prevención del legado de la nefropatía, con enfoque en la niñez

“…[1][2][3][4] Además, la IRC infantil -en su mayoría de tipo congénito-y las complicaciones de muchas enfermedades no renales que afectan los riñones de manera secundaria, no solamente producen morbimortalidad considerable durante la niñez, sino que también llevan a afecciones médicas más allá de este período. De hecho, muchas muertes infantiles causadas por una larga lista de enfermedades transmisibles están inextricablemente relacionadas con el compromiso renal.…”

“…12 La incidencia de lesión renal aguda entre los niños hospitalizados en la unidad de terapia intensiva varía ampliamente: entre el 8% y el 89%. 1 El desenlace depende de los recursos disponibles. Los resultados de proyectos como el estudio AWARE, estudio sobre lesión renal aguda llevado a cabo en niños en cinco países, aún están pendientes.…”