Acute ketotic-type diabetic syndrome in sand rats (Psammomys obesus) with special reference to the pancreas

Miki, Eishi; Like, Arthur A.; Soeldner, J S; Steinke, Jürgen; Cahill, George F.

doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(66)80011-2

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…At autopsy the pancreatic beta eels of these animals were degranulated and vacuolated, and they had fatty rivers and glycogen nephrosis. They are probably similar to those found by MIKT et al to have severe diabetes and a low pancreatic insulin content [13]. It is of course possible that they had an initially high plasma insulin in the 2 weeks preceding the first analysis; and that the terminal picture was one of insulin exhaustion.…”

Section: Relation Of Caloric Intalce and Glucose Intolerancesupporting

confidence: 86%

The sand rat (psammomys obesus) as an experimental animal in studies of diabetes mellitus

et al. 1967

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Summary. The sand rat has some unique attributes, which make it a valuable experimental animal. The occurrence of increased plasma insulin levels and of hyperglycemia is linked to an increased food intake. As in the human maturity-onset type diabetes, there seems to be an element of insulin resistance, and this can be demonstrated in vitro by the relative unresponsiveness of sand rat adipose tissue to increasing doses of pork insulin. Prophylactic treatment with aeetohexamide seems to have some protective effect against the diabetogenic results of a high calory diet. --It is expected that the diabetic syndrome in sand rats, which can be so easily induced by dietary manipulation, will be a valuable tool in helping to clarify some of the possible mechanisms in the syndrome of diabetes mellitus. Le rat des sables (Psammomys obesus) en tant qu'anireal experimental pour l'gtude du diab~te sucre.Rgsumd. Certaines caract4ristiques particuli~res du rat des sables en font un animal d'exp4rience de grande valeur. L'augmentation des taux plasmatiques d'insuline et de glucose est li4e chez lui h une augmentation de la prise de nourriture. Tout comme c'est le cas pour le diab~te humain de type adulte, il semble y avoir participation d'un 414ment de r4sistance ~ l'insuline qui peut 8tre mis en 4vidence in vitro par la sensibilit4 dimlnu4e du tissu adipeux du rat des sables ~ l'insuline de pore. I1 semblerait qu'un traitement prophylaetique par l'ac4tohexamide exerce un effet proteeteur centre l'effet diab4toggne d'un r4gime riehe en calorics. --I1 semble raisonnable de penser que le syndrome diab4tique du rat du sable, si facilement provoqu4 par la modification du r4gimc, pourrait s'av4rer 6tre un instrument de grande valeur duns l'4tude des m4eanismes pathog4n4tiques possibles du syndrome diabgtique. Die Sandratte (Psammomys obesus) als experimentelles Modell zur Untersuchung des Diabetes mellitus.Zusammenfassung. Die Sandratte verfiigt tiber mehrere einmalige Eigenschaften, die aus ihr ein wertvolles Laboratoriumstier machen. Das h/iufige Auftreten yon erh6htem Plasma-Insulinspiegel und ttyperglyk/~mie steht im Zusammenhang mit einer gesteigerten Nahrungsaufnahme. Wie im mensch]ichen Reife-Diabetes scheint aueh hier einc Insulinresistcnz aufzutreten, und diese ist in vitro naehweisbar : das inkubierte Fettgewebe der Sandratte spricht auf eine Stimulierung mit steigenden Desert yon Sohweineinsulin nur wenig an. Prophylaktisehe Behandlung mit Acetohexamid deutet auf eine Schutzwirkung gegen die diabetogenen Folgen eiuer kalorienreichen Di/~t. --Es ist zu erwarten, dab das diabetische Syndr0m in der Sandra%te, das so leicht durch Manipulationen der Di/~t erzeugt werden kann, ein niitzliches Modell zur Untersuchung der m6glichen Meohanismen der diabetisehen Pathogenese darstellen wird.

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Section: Relation Of Caloric Intalce and Glucose Intolerancesupporting

confidence: 86%

The sand rat (psammomys obesus) as an experimental animal in studies of diabetes mellitus

et al. 1967

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“…in obese hyperglycemic mice [12] and KK-mice [7]. In the sandrat there is an initial increase and a subsequent fall of the serum insulin level attributed to pancreatic exhaustion [15]. Obesity decreases the insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue also in Wellesley hybrid mice [6] and human subjects [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and pancreatic islet hyperplasia in the Mongolian gerbil

Boquist

1972

Diabetologia

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Summary. In a colony of Mongolian gerbils maintained on a standard laboratory diet, occasional obese animals were found. Obesity developed in animals of both sexes and was either transitory or permanent. The mean fasting blood glucose level in non-obese and obese gerbils was 83 and 105 rag/100 ml, respectively. Glucosuria and hyperglycemia were found only in a few obese animals, whereas the glucose tolerance was decreased in most obese gerbils. --The endocrine pancreas of the obese animals was morphologically either normal or more often hyperplastic, sometimes with the appearance of adenomatous islets. The fl-eells possessed prominent Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum, and sparse granulation. Large, granule-poor cells and mitotic figures were seen in the islets. Degenerative changes occurred in the fl-cells of diabetic animals. --It is suggested that the maintenance of the gerbils under laboratory conditions with free access to laboratory diet plays a majo r role in the development of obesity and that the endocrine pancreas of these animals has a good capacity for hyperplasia that often is sufficient to maintain normo-glycemia in obese animals, although the glucose tolerance is decreased. Obdsit@ et hyperplasie des ilots du panerdas chez la gerbille mongolienneRdsumd. Dans un 61evage de gerbilles mongoliennes soumises ~ un r@gime standard de laboratoire ont dr@ parfois trouvds des animaux ob@ses. L~ se dgveloppait chez les animaux des deux sexes et 6tait tantSt transitoire, tant6t permanente. Le taux moyen de glucose du sang, ~ jefin, ehez les animaux non ob@ses et ob~-ses 6tait respectivement de 83 et 105 mg/100 ml. La glyeosurie et l'hyperglycdmie n'dtaient trouvdes que ehez peu d'animaux ob6ses, tandis que la toldrance au glucose 6tait rdduite ehez la plupart des animaux ob@ses. --Le pancrdas endocrine des animaux ob@ses dtait, morphologiquement, normal ou plus souvent hyperplasique avec parfois l'apparition d'ilots adgnomateux. Les eellules /~ poss@daient un eomplexe de Golgi et un rdticulum endoplasmique pro@minents et une granulation faible. De grosses eellules pauvres en granules et des figures mitotiques se montraient dans les ilots. Des changements d@gdndratifs se produisaient dans les cellules fl des animaux diab6tiques. --On sugg~re que le maintien des animaux darts les conditions de laboratoire avec libre acc@s au r@gime de laboratoire joue un r61e prddominant darts le d@veloppement de I'ob@sit@ et que le pancr@as endocrine de ces animaux a une excellente eapaeit6 d'hyperplasie qu! suffit souvent ~ maintenir la normoglycdmie ehez les ammaux ob@ses, malgr6 la r6duction de la tol6rance au glucose. ~]bergewieht und Hyperplasie der Pankreasinseln bei der mongolischen RennmausZusammenfassung.

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“…Investigators there were the first to report that diabetes occurs in the majority of Psammomys maintained on regular laboratory diet but not on a vegetable diet (Hackel et al 1965a;Schmidt-Nielsen et al 1964). The diabetes ranged from mild hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia to hypoinsulinemia with ketoacidosis, which was a terminal stage with short survival (Miki et al 1966. These early investigations were performed mostly on the first generation of Egyptian Psammomys because attempts to establish a multigeneration colony were not successful due to low reproductive capacity on the regular chow.…”

Section: Psammomys Obesusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritionally Induced Diabetes in Desert Rodents as Models of Type 2 Diabetes: Acomys cahirinus (Spiny Mice) and Psammomys obesus (Desert Gerbil)

Shafrir

Ziv²,

Kalman³

2006

ILAR Journal

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The dietary effects of hyperglycemia increasingly result in type 2 diabetes in humans. Two species, the spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) and the desert gerbil (Psammomys obesus), which have different metabolic responses to such effects, are discussed. Spiny mice exemplify a pathway that leads to diabetes without marked insulin resistance due to low supply of insulin on abundant nutrition, possibly characteristic of a desert animal. They respond with obesity and glucose intolerance, beta-cell hyperplasia, and hypertrophy on a standard rodent diet supplemented with fat-rich seeds. The accompanying hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are mild and intermittent but after a few months, the enlarged pancreatic islets suddenly collapse, resulting in loss of insulin and ketosis. Glucose and other secretagogues produce only limited insulin release in vivo and in vitro, pointing to the inherent disability of the beta-cells to respond with proper insulin secretion despite their ample insulin content. On a 50% sucrose diet there is marked lipogenesis with hyperlipidemia without obesity or diabetes, although beta-cell hypertrophy is evident. P.obesus is characterized by muscle insulin resistance and the inability of insulin to activate the insulin signaling on a high-energy (HE) diet. Insulin resistance imposes a vicious cycle of Hyperglycemia and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, leading to beta-cell failure and increased secretion of proinsulin. Ultrastructural studies reveal gradual disappearance of beta-cell glucokinase, GLUT 2 transporter, and insulin, followed by apoptosis of beta-cells. Studies using the non-insulin-resistant HE diet-fed animals maintained as a control group are discussed. The insulin resistance that is evident to date in the normoglycemic state on a low-energy diet indicates sparing of glucose fuel in muscles of a desert-adapted animal for the benefit of glucose obligatory tissues. Also discussed are the effect of Psammomys age on the disabetogenicity of the HE diet; the impaired function of several components of the insulin signal transduction pathway in muscles, which reduces the availability of GLUT4 transporter; the testing of several antidiabetic modalities for the prevention of nutritional diabetes in Psammomys; and various complications related to the diabetic condition.

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Acute ketotic-type diabetic syndrome in sand rats (Psammomys obesus) with special reference to the pancreas

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

The sand rat (psammomys obesus) as an experimental animal in studies of diabetes mellitus

The sand rat (psammomys obesus) as an experimental animal in studies of diabetes mellitus

Obesity and pancreatic islet hyperplasia in the Mongolian gerbil

Nutritionally Induced Diabetes in Desert Rodents as Models of Type 2 Diabetes: Acomys cahirinus (Spiny Mice) and Psammomys obesus (Desert Gerbil)

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