Acute isolated Aspergillus appendicitis in pediatric leukemia

Yada, Yutaro; Koga, Yuhki; Ono, Hiroaki; Motomura, Yoshitomo; Esumi, Genshiro; Kohashi, Kenichi; Muraosa, Yasunori; Kamei, Katsuhiko; Matsuura, Toshiharu; Oda, Yoshinao; Ohga, Shouichi

doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2020.07.016

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…This was demonstrated in the case of an 11-year-old patient with AML who was found to have Aspergillus appendicitis and had undergone urgent appendectomy. Prolonged antifungal therapy was given until remission from ALL was established [8]. Similarly, a 4-year-old patient with ALL and having mucormycotic appendicitis was able to recover his neutrophil count after surgery and prolonged antifungal therapy with monitored serum Posaconazole [5].…”

Section: Acute Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review on acute gastrointestinal surgical complications in immunocompromised pediatric patients

et al. 2022

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Background Gastrointestinal complications are becoming increasingly more common and pose a significant risk on the health of children with compromised immunity caused by various etiologies such as chemotherapy and posttransplantation immunosuppression. We aim to review abdominal complications in immunocompromised children and their respective management. Main body This is a scoping review of the literature. PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus libraries were searched for relevant articles. Extracted data included the etiologies of immunocompromised immunity, gastrointestinal and abdominal complications in immunocompromised children, diagnosis, and treatment of these pathologies. Examples of gastrointestinal complications in immunocompromised children include, but not limited to, neutropenic enterocolitis, acute appendicitis, bowel perforation, acalculous cholecystitis, and acute pancreatitis. Our literature review showed that bacterial and fungal infections are the major causes of exacerbation and mortality. The main cause of immunosuppression in children with neutropenic enterocolitis and acute pancreatitis is chemotherapy, and management of these pathologies using intravenous fluids, antibiotic therapy, and granulocyte-stimulating factors is the current standard of care. Surgical intervention is uncommon and reserved for complicated cases. That said, in acute appendicitis and bowel perforation, laparoscopy is the mainstay treatment. However, in systemic infections, nonsurgical interventions such as transfusion and bowel rest are the gold standard. As for acalculous cholecystitis, percutaneous cholecystectomy is superior to laparotomy and other surgical interventions. Conclusion Timely diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal complications in the immunocompromised children is key in reducing mortality and morbidity. Both surgical and nonsurgical interventions are needed and should be further studied in order to improve outcomes.

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Section: Acute Appendicitismentioning

confidence: 99%