Acute Iron Poisoning in Children

Crotty, John J.

doi:10.3109/15563657108990984

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Indeed, the accidental ingestion of oral iron preparations is a leading cause of paediatric poisoning and fatality [133]. However, the 'classical' example of primary iron overload is African dietary iron overload, which is seen in the Bantu tribesmen and results from the consumption of a traditional fermented beverage, rich in iron [134].…”

Section: ·2·3 Hereditary Haemochromatosis: the Gene Defect Of The 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, Biological and Medical Controversies Surrounding the Fenton Reaction

Burkitt

2003

Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism

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A critical evaluation is made of the role of the Fenton reaction (Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + •OH + OH-) in the promotion of oxidative damage in mammalian systems. Following a brief, historical overview of the Fenton reaction, including the formulation of the Haber–Weiss cycle as a mechanism for the catalysis of hydroxyl radical production, an appraisal is made of the biological relevance of the reaction today, following recognition of the important role played by nitric oxide and its congers in the promotion of biomolecular damage. In depth coverage is then given of the evidence (largely from EPR studies) for and against the hydroxyl radical as the active oxidant produced in the Fenton reaction and the role of metal chelating agents (including those of biological importance) and ascorbic acid in the modulation of its generation. This is followed by a description of the important developments that have occurred recently in the molecular and cellular biology of iron, including evidence for the presence of ‘free’ iron that is available in vivo for the Fenton reaction. Particular attention here is given to the role of the iron-regulatory proteins in the modulation of cellular iron status and how their functioning may become dysregulated during oxidative and nitrosative stress, as well as in hereditary haemochromatosis, a common disorder of iron metabolism. Finally, an assessment is made of the biological relevance of ascorbic acid in the promotion of hydroxyl radical generation by the Fenton reaction in health and disease.

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Section: ·2·3 Hereditary Haemochromatosis: the Gene Defect Of The 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical, Biological and Medical Controversies Surrounding the Fenton Reaction

Burkitt

2003

Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism

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“…Iron poisoning may be either acute or chronic. Acute iron poisoning is, in general, restricted to young children following the accidental ingestion of oral iron preparations (1). Chronic iron overload, however, has several causes, including excessive dietary intake (2), genetic hemochromatosis (3), and transfusional hemosiderosis (4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct evidence for in vivo hydroxyl-radical generation in experimental iron overload: an ESR spin-trapping investigation.

Burkitt

Mason

1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

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Although the hydroxyl radical is often implicated as the species responsible for the initiationof oxidative damage in iron-overload conditions, no ESR evidence for the formation of the radical in vivo has been reported. We have employed a secondary radical-trapping technique in which the hydroxyl radical reacts with dimethyl sulfboxide to form the methyl radical, which is then detected as its adduct of the spin trap N-t-butyl-a-phenylnitrone in the bile of animals given an intragastric dose of ferrous sulfate. The identity of this adduct was verified by isotope-substitution techniques. We show that unless measures are taken to inactivate the iron excreted in the bile of treated animals, reactions between iron, oxygen, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-t-butyl-a-pbenylnitrone, and bile components lead to the formation of artifacts during sample coflection.

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“…It should also be noted that at this same time the first reports of fatalities among accidentally iron-poisoned toddlers began to be published. 4 Toxicity need not be the price of efficacy; toxicity is a function of dose. Today we have a tremendous intellectual and practical advantage over our forebears of the 19th century.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prescribing Iron? Think Small

Crosby¹

1978

Arch Intern Med

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Acute Iron Poisoning in Children

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Chemical, Biological and Medical Controversies Surrounding the Fenton Reaction

Chemical, Biological and Medical Controversies Surrounding the Fenton Reaction

Direct evidence for in vivo hydroxyl-radical generation in experimental iron overload: an ESR spin-trapping investigation.

Prescribing Iron? Think Small

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