Acute intoxication by synthetic cannabinoids – Four case reports

Atypical Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Case Report

“…Laboratory investigation revealed a metabolic acidosis with arterial blood pH of 6.99 and bicarbonate of 4.1 mmol/l. Arterial pO 2 and pCO 2 levels were 78 mm Hg and 16 mm Hg, respectively. Plasma glucose was 392 mg/dL and 3+ ketones were present in the urine.…”

“…However, over the past years, many herbal incense products such as bonzai (spice, dream, Jamaican blue, K2), which contain synthetic cannabinoids, are legally sold by head shops and on the internet in many countries. Affordability and easy accessibility via the internet contribute to the popularity of these drugs (2). Synthetic cannabinoids induce metabolic effects such as nausea and vomiting, hyperglycaemia, hypokalaemia and acidosis (3); however, they are undetectable in routine blood and urine drug screening methods (4,5).…”

Cannabinoids and Epilepsy

“…In the same study, a 60-year-old man with a 40-year history of cannabis usage (6-8 cigarettes per day) developed status epilepticus after cannabis withdrawal [225]. Additionally, synthetic "designer" cannabinoid drugs ("spice" or "K2") induce new-onset seizures, tacharrythmia, and psychosis, often with greater severity and toxicity than cannabis [237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245]. The toxicity of these synthetic agents may result from their properties as full agonists of CB 1 R, while Δ9-THC is a partial agonist.…”

New challenges in toxicology of new psychoactive substances exemplified by fatal cases after UR-144 and UR-144 with pentedrone administration determined by LC-ESI-MS-MS in blood samples

“…W piśmiennictwie jest kilka opisów przypadków raportowanych jako zatrucia, także UR-144 [17][18][19][20].…”

“…oraz niepohamowanej chęci wzmocnienia efektu w przypadku 3. W doniesieniach cytowanych wyżej [17][18][19][20] wykazano obecność UR-144 w szerokim zakresie stę-żeń 0,05-25,9 ng/ml. Wyznaczone w niniejszej pracy stężenia UR-144 w analizowanych trzech przypadkach mieściły się w podobnym zakresie.…”