Acute Intestinal Disease in the Arctic

Gordon, John E.; Babbott, Frank L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.49.11.1441

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…7, 9, 27 In general, all systems are expected to have some deviations because of the assumptions of the mean‐field theory. In the present systems factors such as an intramolecular cyclization effect,27 the formation of side products,7 or the effects of moisture in the air9 could contribute to delay the gelation point.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The understanding and control of such manufacturing operations require measurements of the kinetics and the rheology of the resins. Therefore, special attention has been devoted to different aspects concerning to these resins over the past few years 3–12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Moreover, this catalyst system allows the achievement of the highest conversions without promoting hydrolysis of the cyanurate ester linkage 15. However, although numerous investigations have been reported for characterizing the kinetics of curing,3, 8–10, 12, 17, 18 the results differ from one to another, and they seem to be dependent on the catalyst system used 19. Little information is available in the case of the prepolymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cure monitoring of catalysed cyanate ester resins

Harismendy

Gmez

et al. 2000

Polym. Int.

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The cure behaviour of two bisphenol A‐based cyanate ester resins, AroCy B10 and B30, catalysed by copper acetylacetonate and nonylphenol was studied. For this purpose, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and rheological measurements were carried out at temperatures between 130 and 170 °C. The cyanate conversion profiles are fitted with a second‐order rate law in the kinetically controlled regime where a good time–temperature superposition is attained. However, it is necessary to add an empirical kinetic term to give a good description of the entire range of curing. Simultaneously, times to gelation and vitrification have been determined by dynamic rheological measurements over the same temperature range. The corresponding conversions have been calculated by correlation of rheological and DSC data, the vitrification conversion being slightly higher for the prepolymer. Independent of the cure temperature, a good correlation between cyanate conversion and glass transition temperature was obtained. The isothermal time–temperature–transformation diagrams for these systems are constructed from the kinetic model and the DiBenedetto equation, and show good agreement with the experimental data. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cure monitoring of catalysed cyanate ester resins

Harismendy

Gmez

et al. 2000

Polym. Int.

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“…Equation (8) was derived on the basis of Couchman's analysis19 for the compositional variation of the T g of a solution, and assuming that a thermosetting polymer can be treated as a random mixture of a completely crosslinked network with the initial unreacted monomers. This equation has been applied with success to correlate experimental values of T g versus conversion for many thermosetting polymers, using λ as an adjustable parameter 20–22…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of isoconversional methods to analyze the cure kinetics of isocyanate‐ended quasi‐prepolymers with water

Daniel‐da‐Silva

Bordado²,

Martı́n-Martı́nez

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The curing of an isocyanate (NCO)-ended quasi-prepolymer by reaction with water in stoichiometric ratio was monitored by using differential scanning calorimetry both under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. A quasi-prepolymer containing 16 wt % free NCO prepared by reacting trifunctional polypropylene glycol (PPG) with polymeric MDI was used in this study. The variation of the effective activation energy with the extent of the curing reaction was calculated by means of modelfree differential and integral isoconversional methods. Both isoconversional methods provided similar results showing that the activation energy depends on the extent of the reaction of the quasi-prepolymer with water. The dependence of the effective activation energy proved to be different under isothermal and non-isothermal curing conditions.

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“…Babbott et al l have shown that Eskimos when inside igloos live in such a tropical microenvironment that they are subject to the same intestinal parasites and are afflicted with as high infection rates as persons living in the tropics. 2 ' 3 Gray, Consolazio, and Kark concluded from experiments with 5 healthy men performing the same amount of muscular work at 3 ambient temperatures (-16, 59, and 93 F) and wearing clothing appropriate for each temperature level that "change in metabolism due to the hobbling effect of clothing appears to be at least twice as great as the change due to ambient temperature and must be regarded as playing a major role in the increased caloric requirement as the temperature is lowered ... ".4 Thiamine requirements are directly related to caloric requirements and increase as caloric intakes increase.…”

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confidence: 99%