Acute inorganic nitrate intake increases regional insulin action in the brain: Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled cross-over trial with abdominally obese men

Kleinloog, Jordi P. D.; Mensink, Ronald P.; Smeets, E.; Ivanov, Dimo; Joris, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103115

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Further, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations did not differ (p = 1.00 and p = 0.21, respectively). Post-drink changes in glucose and insulin concentrations have been described elsewhere [13]. In brief, post-drink plasma glucose concentrations were significantly decreased from fasting concentrations, but no differences between drinks were found.…”

Section: Post-drink Glucose Insulin and Nitrate Plus Nitrite Concentr...mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This reduces the external validity of our study results but excludes the possibility of any possible sex effects. In addition, participants received an intranasal insulin spray during the test day as described elsewhere [13]. However, serum insulin concentrations remained stable during the test day and were not affected by the drinks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent blood samples were collected 60 min (T60), 120 min (T120), 180 min (T180), 210 min (T210), 240 min (T240), and 330 min (T330) after drink consumption. Moreover, exogenous insulin (160 IU, Novorapid, Novo Nordisk, Mainz, Germany) was administered as nasal spray to assess insulin action on the brain 150 or 180 min after consumption of the drinks as described elsewhere [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https:// www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/nu14173560/s1, Figure S1: Schematic overview of study design [13]; Figure S2: The CONSORT flow diagram of the volunteers screened, included and analyzed in this randomized trial; Figure S3: Mean serum nitrate concentrations (±SD) after the potassium nitrate and placebo drink [13]; Table S1: Fasting total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations of the eighteen abdominally obese men who completed the study.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Intake on Brachial and Femoral Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, and on Carotid Artery Reactivity Responses: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Abdominally Obese Men

et al. 2022

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Most trials on the effects of inorganic nitrate intake have focused on only one specific aspect of the endothelial cell response to a stimulus, thereby possibly missing other important effects. The aim of the present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study was therefore to investigate in eighteen healthy abdominally obese men (18–60 years, waist circumference ≥ 102 cm) acute effects of potassium nitrate on brachial and femoral flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and on carotid artery reactivity (CAR) to a cold pressure test. Participants received in random order a drink providing 10 mmol potassium nitrate (i.e., 625 mg of nitrate) or an iso-molar placebo drink with potassium chloride. Fasted and 4 h post-drink FMD and blood pressure measurements were performed. CAR responses were assessed at 4 h. Circulating nitrate plus nitrite concentration increased following nitrate intake (p = 0.003). Compared with placebo, potassium nitrate did not affect brachial (mean [95% confidence interval]: −0.2% [−2.5, 2.1], p = 0.86) and femoral FMD responses (−0.6% [−3.0; 1.7], p = 0.54). CAR responses were also not different (−0.8% [−2.5, 0.9], p = 0.32). Finally, changes in blood pressure and heart rate did not differ. No adverse events were observed. In conclusion, this trial did not provide evidence for effects of a single dose of inorganic nitrate on 4 h vascular endothelial function in abdominally obese men.

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Section: Post-drink Glucose Insulin and Nitrate Plus Nitrite Concentr...mentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Intake on Brachial and Femoral Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, and on Carotid Artery Reactivity Responses: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Abdominally Obese Men

et al. 2022

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Mixed nut consumption improves brain insulin sensitivity: a randomized, single-blinded, controlled, crossover trial in older adults with overweight or obesity

Nijssen,

Mensink,

Plat

et al. 2024

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Dietary nitrate supplementation and cognitive health: the nitric oxide-dependent neurovascular coupling hypothesis

Gonçalves,

Marçal,

Marques

et al. 2024

Biochemical Society Transactions

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Diet is currently recognized as a major modifiable agent of human health. In particular, dietary nitrate has been increasingly explored as a strategy to modulate different physiological mechanisms with demonstrated benefits in multiple organs, including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and endocrine systems. An intriguing exception in this scenario has been the brain, for which the evidence of the nitrate benefits remains controversial. Upon consumption, nitrate can undergo sequential reduction reactions in vivo to produce nitric oxide (•NO), a ubiquitous paracrine messenger that supports multiple physiological events such as vasodilation and neuromodulation. In the brain, •NO plays a key role in neurovascular coupling, a fine process associated with the dynamic regulation of cerebral blood flow matching the metabolic needs of neurons and crucial for sustaining brain function. Neurovascular coupling dysregulation has been associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction during different pathological conditions and aging. We discuss the potential biological action of nitrate on brain health, concerning the molecular mechanisms underpinning this association, particularly via modulation of •NO-dependent neurovascular coupling. The impact of nitrate supplementation on cognitive performance was scrutinized through preclinical and clinical data, suggesting that intervention length and the health condition of the participants are determinants of the outcome. Also, it stresses the need for multimodal quantitative studies relating cellular and mechanistic approaches to function coupled with behavior clinical outputs to understand whether a mechanistic relationship between dietary nitrate and cognitive health is operative in the brain. If proven, it supports the exciting hypothesis of cognitive enhancement via diet.

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Acute inorganic nitrate intake increases regional insulin action in the brain: Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled cross-over trial with abdominally obese men

Cited by 3 publications

References 53 publications

Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Intake on Brachial and Femoral Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, and on Carotid Artery Reactivity Responses: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Abdominally Obese Men

Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Intake on Brachial and Femoral Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, and on Carotid Artery Reactivity Responses: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Abdominally Obese Men

Mixed nut consumption improves brain insulin sensitivity: a randomized, single-blinded, controlled, crossover trial in older adults with overweight or obesity

Dietary nitrate supplementation and cognitive health: the nitric oxide-dependent neurovascular coupling hypothesis

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