Acute infantile hemorrhagic oedema

Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy

“…However, lymphohistiocytic perivascular infiltration with extravasation of erythrocytes and without fibrinoid necrosis was also reported by Legrain and colleagues (Legrain et al, 1991). The infiltrating inflammatory cells are predominantly neutrophils with less number of eosinophils (Krause et al, 1996;Macea et al, 2003;Millard et al, 1999;Saraclar et al, 1990). …”

“…In the review of Fiore and colleagues, general appearance was reported as severely reduced in 1.0%, mildly reduced in 7.0% and very satisfactory in remaining 92% (Fiore et al, 2008). Additionally, atypical presentations such as painful edema (Dubin et al, 1990;Gonggryp & Todd, 1998;Krause et al, 1996;Lantner & Simon, 1996;Millard et al, 1999;Morrison & Saulsbury, 1999;Shah et al, 2002), itching (AlSufyani, 2009;Caksen et al, 2002), irritability (Crowe & Jonas, 1998;Kuroda et al, 2002;Lantner & Simon, 1996) and decreased appetite (Lantner & Simon, 1996) may occur. Fever is typically low grade, but may range from mild to severe and also afebrile cases have been published in the literature (AlSufyani, 2009;Amitai et al, 1993;Dubin et al, 1990;Fiore et al, 2008;Gonggryp & Todd, 1998;Karreman et al, 2009;Krause et al, 1996;Saraclar et al, 1990;Scaramuzza et al, 1997;Serna et al, 1994).…”

“…This probably supports the role of infections and immune complexes in the pathogenesis of AHEI. Other infections described as prodromes that have been accused in the pathogenesis are upper respiratory tract infections (Alp et al, 2009;Babic et al, 2008;Blasini et al, 2007;Caksen et al, 2002;Dubin et al, 1990;Fiore et al, 2008;Gelmetti et al, 1985;Halıcıoglu et al, 2010;Ince et al, 1995;Karremann et al, 2009;Kumar et al, 2008;Lai-Cheong JE et al, 2007;McDougall et al, 2004;Michael, 2006;Millard et al, 1999;Paradisi et al, 2001;Poyrazoglu et al, 2003;Saraclar et al, 1990), pharyngitis (Gattorno et al, 1997;Gonggryp & Todd, 1998), tonsillitis (Legrain et al, 1991;Karremann et al, 2009), otitis (Caksen et al, 2002;Crowe et al, 1998;Karremann et al, 2009;Krause et al, 1996;Lantner et al, 1996;Macea et al, 2003), conjunctivitis (Legrain et al, 1991), neck abscess, bronchopneumonia (Alp et al, 2009;Saraclar et al, 1990), bronchitis (Karremann et al, 2009), pneumococcal bacteremia (Morrison et al, 1999), pulmoner tuberculosis (Gonggryp & Todd, 1998), cellulitis (Can et al, 2006), urinary tract infections (Saraclar et al, 1990) and gastroenteritis (Caksen et al, 2002;…”

“…Classically histological examination shows features of an intense dermal leucocytoclastic vasculitis involving small blood vessels in the dermis with (Acun et al, 2006;AlSufyani, 2009;Blasini et al, 2007;Braun-Falco & Dietrich Abeck, 2002;Caksen et al, 2002;Calıskan et al, 1995;Can et al, 2006;Chatproedprai & Wananukul, 2007;Colantonio et al, 1997;Crowe & Jonas, 1998;Cunningham et al, 1996Cunningham et al, , 1999Bozaykut et al, 2002;da Silva Manzoni et al, 2004;Di Lernia et al, 2004;Dubin et al, 1990;Fiore et al, 2008;Fujimura et al, 2001;Garty et al, 2006;Gelmetti et al, 1985;Goraya & Kaur, 2002;Gonggryp & Todd, 1998;Gattorno et al, 1997;Javidi et al, 2008;Krause et al, 1996;Kuroda et al, 2002;Lakshmi & Srinivas, 2003;Lantner et al, 1996;Lee et al, 2006;Long & Helm, 1998;Macea et al, 2003;Michael, 2006;Millard et al, 1999;Morrison & Saulsbury, 1999;Paradisi et al, 2001;Poyrazoglu et al, 2003;Pride et al, 1995;Roh et al, 2004;Tomac et al, 1996;…”

“…This is probably because, the most papers on the subject being written different languages in the world and AHEI is called Henoch-Schönlein purpura in the United States. Although most of the prints were in case reports (Babic et al, 2008;Can et al, 2006;Di Lernia et al, 2004;Garty et al, 2002;Michael, 2006;Millard et al, 1999;Macea et al, 2003;Obeid et al, 2008;Serna et al, 1994, Silveira & Braganca, 2006, case series were also published (Alp et al, 2009;Caksen et al, 2002;Fiore et al, 2008;Gelmetti et al, 1985;Gonggryp & Todd, 1998;Ince et al, 1995;Karremann et al, 2009;Krause et al, 1996;Legrain et al, 1991;Poyrazoglu et al, 2003;Saraclar et al, 1990;Sites et al, 2008). Today, AHEI is considered as a separate entity, but not a variant of Henoch-Schönlein purpura, with clinical findings and prognosis.…”