Acute increases in serum colonic short-chain fatty acids elicited by inulin do not increase GLP-1 or PYY responses but may reduce ghrelin in lean and overweight humans

Rahat-Rozenbloom, Sari; Fernandes, Judlyn; Cheng, Ji; Wolever, Thomas M. S.

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.249

Cited by 71 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The consumption of soluble dietary fibre has been shown by different studies to increase the production of plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and peptide YY (PYY), depending on the dose, usually when greater than 5 g [10][11][12][13][14]. In addition, the intake of soluble fibre can have an effect on ghrelin levels, decreasing their secretion in a healthy adult population [12,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fibre-Enriched Orange Juice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response and Satiety in Healthy Individuals: An Acute, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study

et al. 2019

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Background: Consumption of fibre-enriched orange juice may be an appropriate way to supplement daily fibre intake and achieve beneficial effects on metabolic health. The present study aimed to assess the short-term effects of fibre-enriched orange juice on postprandial metabolism and satiety in a healthy adult population. Methods: In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study 10 healthy subjects underwent two one-day trials in which they consumed an orange juice beverage containing 1.4 g/100 mL of citrus fibre (29.3% soluble and 41.9% insoluble) or a placebo (regular orange juice without added fibre). Postprandial glucose, insulin, gut hormones (GLP1, GIP and ghrelin), leptin and qualitative appetite/satiety assessment were measured every 15 or 30 min over the 120 min test period. Results: The fibre-enriched orange juice decreased postprandial serum glucose and circulating insulin levels at 15 min compared with the placebo. In addition, after intake of the fibre-enriched juice, a significant effect on qualitative feelings of satiety and fullness was observed at 15 and 120 min, and was accompanied by a significant decrease in GLP1 response at 15 min. No significant changes were observed in leptin, GIP and ghrelin after juice intake. Conclusions: In healthy individuals, a single acute consumption of fibre-enriched orange juice has short-term beneficial effects on postprandial glycaemia, circulating insulin levels and satiety through GLP1 secretion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fibre-Enriched Orange Juice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response and Satiety in Healthy Individuals: An Acute, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study

et al. 2019

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“…Consistently, the expression of other appetite‐related hormones, including NPY , AgRP , POMC , and CART , was also regulated by MOS treatment. It has been reported that SCFAs could play roles in regulating the metabolism via the gut–brain axis . Correlation analysis found that serum butyrate levels were negatively correlated with NPY expression ( r = –0.81, p < 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Therefore, these results indicated that MOS treatment could inhibit WD‐induced body weight gain by upregulating the production of SCFAs, which mediate the expression of mediating appetite‐related hormones, and subsequently inhibiting energy intake. However, another study also demonstrated that SCFAs could possibly regulate the appetite by mediating the function of the vagus nerve or stimulating gut enteroendocrine L cells secreting PYY and GLP‐1 , which further regulate the expression of NPY and POMC . Future studies are needed to investigate whether MOS treatment could also have these underlying regulating effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that SCFAs could play roles in regulating the metabolism via the gut-brain axis. [76][77][78] Correlation analysis found that serum butyrate levels were negatively correlated with NPY expression (r = -0.81, p < 0.01). The NPY expression was also positively correlated with body weight gain (r = 0.78, p < 0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, another study also demonstrated that SCFAs could possibly regulate the appetite by mediating the function of the vagus nerve or stimulating gut enteroendocrine L cells secreting PYY and GLP-1, which further regulate the expression of NPY and POMC. [76][77][78] Future studies are needed to investigate whether MOS treatment could also have these underlying regulating effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mannan Oligosaccharide Suppresses Lipid Accumulation and Appetite in Western‐Diet‐Induced Obese Mice Via Reshaping Gut Microbiome and Enhancing Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Production

Yan

Shi

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Obesity is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. Mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) has been reported to be a potential prebiotic. The present study is aimed to determine the effects of MOS on western‐diet‐induced obesity and to uncover the mediating roles of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Methods and results Three‐month‐old male ICR mice are fed with a high‐fat and high‐fructose diet for 8 weeks. The diet‐induced obese mice are then orally administrated with MOS (100 and 200 mg kg–1 d–1) for 4 weeks. MOS significantly reduces bodyweight gain, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and inflammatory responses in obese mice. MOS also stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis in the adipose tissues. Moreover, MOS restructures the gut microbiome by enhancing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in obese mice. The microbial metabolite SCFAs are also increased in the feces and serum. Correlation analysis indicates that the appetite suppression and lipid‐lowering effects of MOS are highly correlated with the butyrate levels. Conclusion MOS suppresses the appetite, which results in less lipid deposition. The lower appetite is likely due to an altered gut microbiome and elevated SCFAs production. MOS may be a potential nutraceutical used in body weight management and gut health improvement.

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Comparison of Metabolic Response to Colonic Fermentation in Lean Youth vs Youth With Obesity

Galuppo

Umano

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportancePediatric obesity is a growing health care burden. Understanding how the metabolic phenotype of youth with obesity may modify the effect of intestinal fermentation on human metabolism is key to designing early intervention.ObjectiveTo assess whether adiposity and insulin resistance in youth may be associated with colonic fermentation of dietary fibers and its production of acetate, gut-derived hormone secretion, and adipose tissue lipolysis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study of youths aged 15 to 22 years with body mass index in the 25th to 75th percentile or higher than the 85th percentile for age and sex throughout the New Haven County community in Connecticut. Recruitment, studies, and data collection occurred from June 2018 to September 2021. Youths were assigned to a lean, obese insulin sensitive (OIS), or obese insulin resistant (OIR) group. Data were analyzed from April 2022 to September 2022.ExposureParticipants consumed 20 g of lactulose during a continuous 10-hour sodium d3-acetate intravenous infusion to measure the rate of appearance of acetate in plasma.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPlasma was obtained hourly to measure acetate turnover, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and free fatty acids (FFA).ResultsA total of 44 youths participated in the study (median [IQR] age, 17.5 [16.0-19.3] years; 25 [56.8%] were female; 23 [52.3%] were White). Consequent to lactulose ingestion, there was a reduction of plasma FFA, an improvement of adipose tissue insulin sensitivity index, an increase in colonic acetate synthesis, and an anorexigenic response characterized by an increased plasma concentration of PYY and active GLP-1 and a reduction of ghrelin in the subgroups. Compared with the lean and OIS groups, the OIR group showed a less marked median (IQR) rate of acetate appearance (OIR: 2.00 [−0.86 to 2.69] μmol × kg−1 × min−1; lean: 5.69 [3.04 to 9.77] μmol × kg−1 × min−1; lean vs OIR P = .004; OIS: 2.63 [1.22 to 4.52] μmol × kg−1 × min−1; OIS vs OIR P = .09), a blunted median (IQR) improvement of adipose insulin sensitivity index (OIR: 0.043 [ 0.006 to 0.155]; lean: 0.277 [0.220 to 0.446]; lean vs OIR P = .002; OIS: 0.340 [0.048 to 0.491]; OIS vs OIR P = .08), and a reduced median (IQR) PYY response (OIR: 25.4 [14.8 to 36.4] pg/mL; lean: 51.3 [31.6 to 83.3] pg/mL; lean vs OIR P = .002; OIS: 54.3 [39.3 to 77.2] pg/mL; OIS vs OIR P = .011).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, lean, OIS, and OIR youth demonstrated different associations between colonic fermentation of indigestible dietary carbohydrates and the metabolic response, with OIR youth showing minimal metabolic modifications as compared with the other 2 groups.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03454828

show abstract

Acute increases in serum colonic short-chain fatty acids elicited by inulin do not increase GLP-1 or PYY responses but may reduce ghrelin in lean and overweight humans

Cited by 71 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of Fibre-Enriched Orange Juice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response and Satiety in Healthy Individuals: An Acute, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study

Effect of Fibre-Enriched Orange Juice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response and Satiety in Healthy Individuals: An Acute, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Study

Mannan Oligosaccharide Suppresses Lipid Accumulation and Appetite in Western‐Diet‐Induced Obese Mice Via Reshaping Gut Microbiome and Enhancing Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Production

Comparison of Metabolic Response to Colonic Fermentation in Lean Youth vs Youth With Obesity

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