Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Syndrome in an Adolescent

Aggarwal, Mridula; Rein, Jeffrey

doi:10.1542/peds.112.4.e323

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Clinical data included CD4 ϩ T-cell count (cells per L) and plasma HIV-1 viral load (copies per mL) performed within 30 days after entry into HIV care (the lower and upper limits of HIV-1 plasma viral assay were 400 and 750 000 copies per mL, respectively), diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at time of entry into HIV care, pregnancy status at the time of HIV diagnosis, reported symptoms suggestive of acute retroviral syndrome (eg, fever, rash, sore throat, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, night sweats, fatigue, flu-like illness) within 6 months of HIV diagnosis, and history of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy at time of entry into HIV care. [6][7][8] The behavioral data included self-reported information on sexual activity and intravenous drug use. The HIV-testing data included type of facility that provided the first HIV diagnosis, the reason for HIV testing at the time of diagnosis, the date of entry into HIV care at the adolescent clinic, and the date of the last seronegative HIV antibody test, if there was a previous test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for Testing and Clinical and Demographic Profile of Adolescents With Non–Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVES. We sought to examine the demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics; reasons for HIV testing; and factors that contribute to delays in entry into specialized HIV care after diagnosis of HIV infection among adolescents in an urban clinic in Georgia.METHODS. All of the data for this study were obtained solely by medical chart review. Demographic, clinical, behavioral, and HIV testing data were abstracted from medical charts of 59 non-perinatally HIV-infected adolescents who were aged 13 to 18 years and entered care at the pediatric and adolescent HIV clinic of a Georgia hospital during 1999 -2002. HIV-infected adolescents were compared by demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics as well as by circumstances surrounding HIV testing. Recent seroconversion was defined as having a documented negative or indeterminate HIV antibody test (confirmed) or a self-reported negative HIV test (probable) Յ6 months before HIV diagnosis.RESULTS. Of 59 HIV-infected adolescents, 35 (59%) were female and 56 (95%) were black/African American. Fifteen (25%) had Ն1 sexually transmitted infection when they entered care. All female (vs 38% male) adolescents were infected through heterosexual sexual intercourse; 9 (26%) were pregnant at the time of HIV diagnosis. Adolescents whose HIV was diagnosed at non-health care facilities entered HIV care much later than adolescents whose HIV was diagnosed at health care facilities (median: 108 vs 25 days). Approximately one half of adolescents had CD4 ϩ T-cell counts Ͻ350 cells per L and/or HIV-1 viral loads Ͼ55 000 copies per mL at entry into care. Twenty-seven (46%) adolescents had a previous negative HIV test; 7 had confirmed recent seroconversion, and 3 had probable recent seroconversion. Among adolescents with a documented reason for testing, routine medical screening was the most frequent reason for HIV testing; few adolescents were documented as having self-initiated HIV testing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for Testing and Clinical and Demographic Profile of Adolescents With Non–Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection

et al. 2006

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“…Elevated rates of fatigue have been found in paediatric chronic illnesses, including in 57 per cent of those with terminal cancer (Wolfe et al, 2000), 52 per cent of those with type 1 diabetes (Levy-Marchal et al, 2001) and 60 per cent of those with multiple sclerosis (Banwell et al, 2007). Fatigue has been reported as a symptom in a case study of an adolescent with HIV (Aggarwal and Rein, 2003) but has not been more extensively studied. To our knowledge, there are no data currently available on the prevalence of fatigue among adolescents with HIV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring our understanding of fatigue among adolescents living with HIV: Highlighting the unknown

Loades

Kagee

2017

J Health Psychol

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Due to antiretroviral therapies, HIV is now a chronic illness rather than a terminal disease. Chronic symptoms, including fatigue, should be identified and managed to prevent or minimise their potential negative consequences. We apply a Symptom Management Model to conceptualise fatigue among adolescents with HIV. In the context of minimal research, we seek to identify a research agenda for resource-constrained contexts, where HIV prevalence remains high and treatment adherence is a significant problem. By better understanding and addressing the symptom of fatigue, treatment adherence, occupational, social and emotional functioning could be improved. We highlight conceptual, methodological and measurement-related caveats.

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“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to cause failure to thrive or generalized wasting, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and rash. The rash of HIV seroconversion is classically described as a macular or morbilliform eruption predominantly on the trunk, but cutaneous vasculitis has been described . In these cases, histopathology is consistent with a viral exanthema .…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%