Acute high-intensity interval training improves motor skill acquisition

Kendall, Bradley J.; Siekirk, Nicholas; Lai, Quirino

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10580-2

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Indeed, obesity is growing in this group, and it is important to address this issue using an appropriate form of PA, with HIIT appearing to be suitable [ 54 ]. Other studies introduced less effective physical fitness development programs and found a high frequency of NRs [ 55 , 56 ]. The development of motor skills is possible through HIIT implementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Responders and Non-Responders for Body Composition, Resting Blood Pressure, Musculoskeletal, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Ten Weeks of School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents

Domaradzki

Koźlenia

Popowczak

2023

JCM

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Many observations have demonstrated great heterogeneity in the magnitude of the response to the physical exercise stimulus. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the prevalence of non-responders (NRs) in adolescents while considering health-related fitness measurements and other co-variables. Therefore, the aim of the current work was twofold: (1) to assess the effects of ten weeks of school-based HIIT on the prevalence of responders (Rs) and NRs for body composition, resting blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness, and (2) to assess the relationship of this prevalence with sex, body mass category, and biological maturation status, while estimating the likelihood of a response. Adolescents aged 16 years (n = 73) were included in the study. Waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), BP, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and musculoskeletal fitness were the primary outcomes. Co-variables included sex, body mass index (BMI), and maturity offset. The percentages of the Rs and NRs were analyzed based on changes (Δ) between post-intervention and pre-intervention values. The typical error (TE) method was used to identify Rs and NRs. Results showed a variation in the relative size of changes (% of changes) depending on the variable and sex. The greatest changes were observed in females’ abdomen muscle strength (Δ% = 23.89%), and the difference from that of males (Δ% = 5.98%) was statistically significant (p < 0.001) with very large effect size of (Cohen’s d = 0.941). Similar significant differences in relative changes were observed in body composition, but in the reverse direction. Males gained more from HIIT in the decrease in the body fat percentage (Δ% = −8.24%) and increase in skeletal muscle mass (Δ% = 3.38%) comparing to females (Δ% = 0.46, p = 0.040 and Δ% = 1.06%, p = 0.007, respectively). Effect size for body fat was small (Cohen’s d = 0.469), and for skeletal muscle mass it was moderate (Cohen’s d = −0.659). The results also showed positive significant differences in the prevalence of Rs compared to NRs in BFP, SMM, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), CRF, and abdominal muscular strength (ABS) (p = 0.047, p = 0.047, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.014, and p = 0.014, respectively). The effect was greatest and largest for SBP (Cohen’s ω = 0.67). Sex was related to the prevalence of Rs for ABS and close to significance for SMM. More males than females benefited from HIIT in SMM (p = 0.058), but more females than males had ABS benefits (p = 0.050). Males were more likely (2.5-fold) to be Rs than females in SMM. BMI was not related to the prevalence of Rs and NRs. Biological maturation was related to the prevalence of Rs and NRs in SMM (p = 0.036) and SBP (p = 0.016). In SBP, 100% of the early matured derived benefit from HIIT, but the effect size was small (Cramer’s V = 0.27). Those who maturated later were more likely (almost 70%) to be Rs. Thus, the HIIT program introduced to a typical physical education (PE) lesson can be considered partially effective. Therefore, there is a need to continue the search for an optimal and effective program for all health-related parameters. The close relationship between analyzed values and sex and biological maturation, but not BMI, indicates that the intervention programs should be tailored specifically for males and females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Responders and Non-Responders for Body Composition, Resting Blood Pressure, Musculoskeletal, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Ten Weeks of School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents

Domaradzki

Koźlenia

Popowczak

2023

JCM

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“…Following completion of the exercise portion of the trial or control (time matched), participants completed a 20-min rest period before the piano performance task. The 20-min time period prior to piano performance was chosen as it has been used by previous researchers with positive results on cognitive function and motor task performance (Chang et al, 2012;Kendall et al, 2020). During this time, participants were instructed to refrain from using electronic devices and to limit communication with any research team members present in the room.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Aerobic Exercise-Induced Motor Priming Improves Piano Performance and Alters Motor Cortex Activation

et al. 2022

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Acute aerobic exercise has been shown to improve fine motor skills and alter activation of the motor cortex (M1). The intensity of exercise may influence M1 activation, and further impact whole-body motor skill performance. The aims of the current study were to compare a whole-body motor skill via a piano task following moderate-intensity training (MIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and to determine if M1 activation is linked to any such changes in performance. Nine subjects (seven females and two males), aged 18 ± 1 years completed a control, MIT, and HIIT trial followed by administration of a piano performance task. M1 activation was evaluated by measuring oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and hemoglobin difference (Hbdiff) changes during post-exercise piano performance using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The results indicate that piano performance scores were higher after the MIT trial, but not HIIT trial, compared to the control trial. A negative relationship was detected between heart rate during HIIT and post-HIIT piano scores. M1 activation (as measured by Hbdiff) was significantly increased after the HIIT trial. M1 activation was also positively associated with piano performance when exercise trials (HIIT + MIT) and all trials (HIIT + MIT + Control) were combined. We found that acute moderate-intensity exercise led to an improvement in complex motor skill performance while higher-intensity exercise increased M1 activation. These results demonstrate that moderate-intensity exercise can prime the nervous system for the acquisition of whole-body motor skills, suggesting that similar exercise protocols may be effective in improving the outcomes of other motor tasks performed during regular routines of daily life (e.g., sporting tasks, activities of daily living or rehabilitation). In addition, it appears that improvements in motor task performance may be driven by M1 activation. Our findings provide new mechanistic insight into the complex relationship between exercise intensity, M1 activation, and whole-body motor skill performance.

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“…Aerobic exercise can alter patterns of brain activity, including resting-state functional connectivity between brain networks as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 17 , 18 , and is known to improve cognitive function in healthy older adults 19 , and in individuals with stroke 20 . High-intensity aerobic exercise in particular can also improve motor skill acquisition in neurologically intact people 21 – 24 , and individuals with chronic stroke 25 . These improvements are linked to an increase in the protein brain-derived neurotrophic factor 26 , which regulates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations 27 , and a decrease in GABA mediated inhibition 22 , 28 – 30 , both of which play important roles in neuroplasticity 31 – 33 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved processing speed and decreased functional connectivity in individuals with chronic stroke after paired exercise and motor training

Andrushko,

Rinat,

Greeley

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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After stroke, impaired motor performance is linked to an increased demand for cognitive resources. Aerobic exercise improves cognitive function in neurologically intact populations and may be effective in altering cognitive function post-stroke. We sought to determine if high-intensity aerobic exercise paired with motor training in individuals with chronic stroke alters cognitive-motor function and functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a key region for cognitive-motor processes, and the sensorimotor network. Twenty-five participants with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to exercise (n = 14; 66 ± 11 years; 4 females), or control (n = 11; 68 ± 8 years; 2 females) groups. Both groups performed 5-days of paretic upper limb motor training after either high-intensity aerobic exercise (3 intervals of 3 min each, total exercise duration of 23-min) or watching a documentary (control). Resting-state fMRI, and trail making test part A (TMT-A) and B were recorded pre- and post-intervention. Both groups showed implicit motor sequence learning (p < 0.001); there was no added benefit of exercise for implicit motor sequence learning (p = 0.738). The exercise group experienced greater overall cognitive-motor improvements measured with the TMT-A. Regardless of group, the changes in task score, and dwell time during TMT-A were correlated with a decrease in DLPFC-sensorimotor network functional connectivity (task score: p = 0.025; dwell time: p = 0.043), which is thought to reflect a reduction in the cognitive demand and increased automaticity. Aerobic exercise may improve cognitive-motor processing speed post-stroke.

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Acute high-intensity interval training improves motor skill acquisition

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

The Prevalence of Responders and Non-Responders for Body Composition, Resting Blood Pressure, Musculoskeletal, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Ten Weeks of School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents

The Prevalence of Responders and Non-Responders for Body Composition, Resting Blood Pressure, Musculoskeletal, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Ten Weeks of School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents

Acute Aerobic Exercise-Induced Motor Priming Improves Piano Performance and Alters Motor Cortex Activation

Improved processing speed and decreased functional connectivity in individuals with chronic stroke after paired exercise and motor training

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