Acute hepatitis C

Orland, Jennie

doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.22112

Cited by 185 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Nowadays, the concept of blood transfusion as a risk factor for both viruses has almost disappeared due to the introduction of serological tests in the 80´s, besides syringe exchange programs and educational programs implemented in major cities, originally as an immediate reaction to AIDS epidemy 9,18,25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical laboratory assessment of hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients according to the antiretroviral therapy received

Navarro

Mendes-Corrêa

Cavalheiro

et al. 2005

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYDuring the year of 2001, a retrospective, descriptive study in order to determine the influence of the antiretroviral therapy received by 111 HIV-HCV coinfected patients who had undergone at least one liver biopsy was conduced, 74 of them were treated with a protease inhibitor regimen (WPI), and 37 with a non-protease inhibitor regimen (NPI). The main characteristics found were: a young patient population (mean age 41 years old in both groups), composed in most part of male individuals (74.3% WPI and 51.4% NPI) with previous risk factors for both infections (WPI 93.2% and NPI 89.2%). The most significant findings included AIDS-defining disease (WPI 18.9% and NPI 13.5% of the cases), elevated hepatic enzyme levels (WPI: SGOT 52.1 and NPI 53.2), absence of liver disease-related symptoms (16.2% for both groups), average CD4 count > 350 for both groups (WPI 362.2 and NPI 378.1), predominantly low-grade fibrosis in both populations (0-2 in 63.6% of WPI patients and in 80% of NPI patients), with necro-inflammatory activity ranging from 5-7 in 51.3% and 42.9% of WPI patients and NPI patients, respectively. It is suggested a sequential biopsy to better evaluate the evolution of the hepatic disease, according to the HAART regimen received.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical laboratory assessment of hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients according to the antiretroviral therapy received

Navarro

Mendes-Corrêa

Cavalheiro

et al. 2005

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…The first detectable antibodies against HCV antigens in serum usually target NS3 protein (antic33 Ab) and core protein (anti-capsid Ab or anti-22c Ab). Later, the specific antibodies against NS4 protein and envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2) appear [64]. In particular, the hypervariable region 1 (HVR-1) of HCV E2 glycoprotein is thought to be a major target for neutralizing antibodies.…”

Section: Adaptive Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses during acute and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus

Ishii

Koziel

2008

Clinical Immunology

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces persistent infection and causes chronic liver disease in most infected patients. Vigorous HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against HCV multiple epitopes are necessary for spontaneous viral clearance during the acute phase, but the virus appears to have multiple strategies to evade these defenses. There are relatively few studies on the role of immune responses during the chronic phase of infection. CD4+ T cell responses appear to protect against liver injury and may be important to clearance during interferon and ribavirin based therapy. Classic cytotoxic T cells (CTL) may primarily damage the liver in chronic HCV, but there may be subpopulations of T cells that protect against liver inflammation. Resolution of these outstanding questions is important to the development of a prophylactic vaccine as well as improving therapeutic options for those with chronic infection.

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“…Other factors such as younger age [3,20] , female gender [21,22] , presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [3,23] , certain HLA alleles [6,[24][25][26][27][28][29] , and low viral quasispecies diversity [30] have been linked to increased HCV RNA clearance. While African American ethnicity [3,25] , HCV genotype 1 [31][32][33] and co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) [3] , Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1 [34] and Schistosoma mansoni [35] have been associated with lower HCV RNA clearance and higher HCV RNA levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While African American ethnicity [3,25] , HCV genotype 1 [31][32][33] and co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) [3] , Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1 [34] and Schistosoma mansoni [35] have been associated with lower HCV RNA clearance and higher HCV RNA levels. Understanding why and how individuals clear HCV is the key to developing new drugs and an effective vaccine [21] .Studies of heroin users from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China have attributed the appearance and spread of HIV, HCV and other infectious agents to the change in heroin using patterns from smoking to injection [36] . Abstract AIM: To s t u d y t h e v i r o l o g i c a l a n d h o s t fa c t o r s influencing hepatitis C infection outcomes in heroin users in southern China.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing a low rate of hepatitis C viral RNA clearance in heroin users from Southern China

Garten¹,

Lai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

WJG

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INTRODUCTIONThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic now affects over 200 million people worldwide. HCV is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus that is responsible for the majority of non-A-non-B hepatitis infections [1,2] . Natural history studies have found that 15%-59% of people who are infected with HCV will undergo spontaneous viral clearance with no further liver disease due to HCV [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . The remaining will develop chronic HCV infection that can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and the need for a liver transplant.The exact mechanism of HCV RNA clearance is not well understood although recent studies have shown that clearance is associated with strong, broad cellular immune responses [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Other factors such as younger age [3,20] , female gender [21,22] , presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [3,23] , certain HLA alleles [6,[24][25][26][27][28][29] , and low viral quasispecies diversity [30] have been linked to increased HCV RNA clearance. While African American ethnicity [3,25] , HCV genotype 1 [31][32][33] and co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) [3] , Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1 [34] and Schistosoma mansoni [35] have been associated with lower HCV RNA clearance and higher HCV RNA levels. Understanding why and how individuals clear HCV is the key to developing new drugs and an effective vaccine [21] .Studies of heroin users from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China have attributed the appearance and spread of HIV, HCV and other infectious agents to the change in heroin using patterns from smoking to injection [36] . Abstract AIM: To s t u d y t h e v i r o l o g i c a l a n d h o s t fa c t o r s influencing hepatitis C infection outcomes in heroin users in southern China. METHODS:HCV RNA and associated factors were analyzed among 347 heroin users from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China who were hepatitis C virus (HCV) EIA positive for two or more consecutive visits. RESULTS:Using the COBAS AMPLICOR HCV TEST, a remarkably low HCV RNA negative rate of 8.6% was detected. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, HCV RNA clearance was significantly associated with the presence of HBsAg (OR = 8.436, P < 0.0001), the lack of HIV-1 infection (OR = 0.256, P = 0.038) and age younger than 25 (OR = 0.400, P = 0.029). CONCLUSION:Our study suggests HCV infection among Chinese heroin users results in high levels of viral persistence even amidst factors previously found to enhance viral clearance. Prospective studies of a possible genetic component within the Chinese population and the pathogenicity of non-genotype 1 HCV infections are needed. heroin trafficking routes into the province [37,38] . It is not clear how widespread the HCV epidemic is in China. Little seroprevalence data exists, mostly from the major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong and to our knowledge; no studies on HCV RNA clearance in China have been done. Studies in Yunnan Province, which borders Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous...

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Acute hepatitis C

Cited by 185 publications

References 75 publications

Clinical laboratory assessment of hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients according to the antiretroviral therapy received

Clinical laboratory assessment of hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients according to the antiretroviral therapy received

Immune responses during acute and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus

Factors influencing a low rate of hepatitis C viral RNA clearance in heroin users from Southern China

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