Acute hepatitis B after autologous stem cell transplantation in a man previously infected by hepatitis B virus

Sénécal, Delphine; Pichon, Éric; Dubois, Frédéric; Delain, Martine; Linassier, Claude; Colombat, P

doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1702039

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It has been reported in HBsAg positive subjects who were treated with chemotherapy and transplantation [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] (Tables 1 and 2) and in HBsAg positive patients with precore or basic core promotor variants and core gene mutations [11,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33] (Table 3). Even in HBsAg negative patients with past HBV infection (anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive), HBV reactivation has been reported after transplantation [34], immunosuppressive therapy [35], renal transplantation [36][37], heart transplantation [37], chemotherapy [38], allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) [39][40][41][42][43] and autologous HSCT [44][45][46] (Table 4).…”

Section: Hepatitis B Reactivation After Cytotoxic or Immunosuppressivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy — pathogenesis and management

Xunrong

Yan

Liang

et al. 2001

Reviews in Medical Virology

108

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In an endemic area for chronic hepatitis B infection, reactivation of this virus is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy. Careful prospective serological testing has shown that hepatitis B virus reactivation is a two-staged process. The initial stage occurs during intense cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy and is characterised by enhanced viral replication, as reflected by increases in the serum levels of hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase and infection of naïve hepatocytes with hepatitis B virus. The second stage is related to restoration of immune function following withdrawal of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy, which causes rapid immune-mediated destruction of infected hepatocytes. Clinically, this can lead to hepatitis, hepatic failure and even death. The occurrence and severity of hepatitis B virus reactivation after various cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy is unpredictable and treatment has been disappointing, largely due to the late administration of therapy. Recently, pre-emptive treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients undergoing cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy, with potent nucleoside analogues has shown some promising results. Further controlled studies are needed to define the incidence and risk factors of hepatitis B reactivation so that pre-emptive treatment with nucleoside analogues could be administered to those patients at high risk of disease.

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Section: Hepatitis B Reactivation After Cytotoxic or Immunosuppressivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy — pathogenesis and management

Xunrong

Yan

Liang

et al. 2001

Reviews in Medical Virology

108

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“…NHL patients who were positive for anti-HBs and negative for HBsAg (anti-HBc unknown) later became positive for HBsAg and had detectable HBV DNA after rituximab therapy [19] or bone marrow transplantation [105]. Besides rituximab, patients with CLL who were initially positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBs later became positive for HBsAg and had detectable HBV DNA 6 months after receiving chlorambucil and prednisolone [104].…”

Section: What Hbv Tests Should Be Used?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus management to prevent reactivation after chemotherapy: a review

Hwang

Vierling

Zelenetz

et al. 2012

Support Care Cancer

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Purpose Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection after chemotherapy can lead to liver failure and death. Conflicting recommendations regarding HBV screening in cancer patients awaiting chemotherapy mean that some patients at risk for HBV reactivation are not being identified and treated with prophylactic antiviral therapy. Methods We performed a narrative review of the existing evidence regarding screening for and management of HBV infection among patients with cancer using Ovid Medline, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Results Our review showed inconsistencies in the definition and management strategies for HBV reactivation. The timeframe of reactivation is variable, and its molecular mechanisms are not clear. There are five effective antiviral agents that can be used as prophylaxis to prevent reactivation of HBV infection in cancer patients; however, the optimal drug and duration of therapy are unknown. Reactivation is more commonly reported in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving rituximab treatment, but reactivation can occur after other chemotherapies and in patients with solid tumors. Screening with all three screening tests—HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs—allows the most thorough interpretation of a patient’s serologic profile and assessment of reactivation risk; however, decision-making and cost-effectiveness studies are needed to determine optimal screening strategies. Conclusions Prevention of reactivation of HBV infection depends on identification of patients at risk and initiation of antiviral prophylaxis, but data to guide screening and treatment strategies are lacking. Additional research is necessary to accurately define and predict reactivation, identify best antiviral treatment strategies, and identify cost-effective HBV screening strategies.

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“…However, there are no clear data in the literature to indicate how long prophylactic lamivudine therapy should be continued in HBV carriers who received chemotherapy. Some investigators have suggested that the duration of lamivudine treatment in cases with inactive HBV infection receiving chemotherapy should continue for at least 6 months following the last dose of therapy (16,23). The risk of developing lamivudine-resistant HBV increases with the duration of lamivudine treatment but it seems a rare event in chemotherapy treated patients (9,24).…”

Section: Lamivudine Used As Prophylaxis Of Hbv Reactivationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer Treatment: Role of Lamivudine Prophylaxis

Coiffier

2006

Cancer Investigation

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a frequent complication in inactive HBV carriers at time of chemotherapy or following this chemotherapy. This complication appeared during or after chemotherapy and was not increased by the use of rituximab alone or combined with chemotherapy. This is a severe complication most frequently seen in lymphoma patients. Lamivudine have efficacy to treat the patients once the clinical disease is present. However, lamivudine prophylaxis beginning before chemotherapy and until at least 6 months after the end of chemotherapy is recommended for all HBV carriers. Hepatitis C virus is usually not associated with reactivation and prophylaxis should not be used.

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Acute hepatitis B after autologous stem cell transplantation in a man previously infected by hepatitis B virus

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy — pathogenesis and management

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy — pathogenesis and management

Hepatitis B virus management to prevent reactivation after chemotherapy: a review

Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer Treatment: Role of Lamivudine Prophylaxis

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