Acute Hemiplegia Caused by a Retrograde Cerebral Venous Air Embolism After Central Venous Catheter Removal: An Illustrative Case.

Ierssel, Sabrina Van; Specenier, Pol; Baar, Ingrid; Belder, Frank De; Jorens, Philippe G.; Vermorken, J. B.

doi:10.1179/acb.2010.009

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Cerebral venous air embolism occurs mostly because of air entry into the brain veins due to some mechanism, including trauma [ 1 – 5 ], central venous catheterization [ 6 , 7 ], epidural catheterization [ 8 ], and administration through the chest drainage tube [ 9 ]. In most cases of cerebral venous air embolism caused by head trauma, computed tomography (CT) scan showed the skull fractures and the air might enter through the fractures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Venous Air Embolism due to a Hidden Skull Fracture Secondary to Head Trauma

Hosaka

Yamaguchi

Yamamoto

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine

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Cerebral venous air embolism is sometimes caused by head trauma. One of the paths of air entry is considered a skull fracture. We report a case of cerebral venous air embolism following head trauma. The patient was a 55-year-old man who fell and hit his head. A head computed tomography (CT) scan showed the air in the superior sagittal sinus; however, no skull fractures were detected. Follow-up CT revealed a fracture line in the right temporal bone. Cerebral venous air embolism following head trauma might have occult skull fractures even if CT could not show the skull fractures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Venous Air Embolism due to a Hidden Skull Fracture Secondary to Head Trauma

Hosaka

Yamaguchi

Yamamoto

et al. 2015

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine

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“…Bowles et al reported paradoxical air embolism in a patient who underwent pulmonary artery catheter removal [ 12 ]. Various case reports exist wherein cerebral air embolism occurred secondary to central venous access removal, some with right-to-left shunting and others without [ 15 – 18 , 24 , 25 ]. Harlan et al even reported a spontaneous air embolism in a patient with a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical and Retrograde Air Embolism from Pressurized Peripheral Bolus

Santucci

Mullaguri

Battineni

et al. 2021

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine

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Introduction. Cerebral air embolism is a rare, yet serious neurological occurrence with unclear incidence and prevalence. Here, we present a case of fatal cerebral arterial and venous cerebral gas embolism in a patient with infective endocarditis and known large right-to-left shunt and severe tricuspid regurgitation following pressurized fluid bolus administration. Case Presentation. A 32-year-old female was admitted to the medical intensive care unit from a long-term acute care facility with acute on chronic respiratory failure. Her medical history was significant for intravenous heroin and cocaine abuse, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus tricuspid valve infective endocarditis on vancomycin, patent foramen ovale, septic pulmonary embolism with cavitation, tracheostomy with chronic ventilator dependence, multifocal cerebral infarction, hepatitis C, nephrolithiasis, anxiety, and depression. After intravenous fluid administration, she became unresponsive with roving gaze, sluggish pupils, and hypotensive requiring vasopressors. CT of the brain showed diffuse arterial and venous cerebral air embolism secondary to accidental air administration from fluid bolus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed diffuse global anoxic injury and flattening of the globe at the optic nerve insertion. Given poor prognosis, her family chose comfort measures and she died. Conclusions. Fatal cerebral air embolism can occur through peripheral intravenous routes when the lines are inadequately primed and fluids administered with pressure. Caution must be exercised in patients with right-to-left shunting as air may gain access to systemic circulation.

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“…The risk that ancient (and poorly glycosylated) influenza variants re-emerge among the human population is a major concern. In particular, a novel H1N1 influenza strain caused an outbreak in 2009 in Mexico, Canada and USA, leading to severe symptoms in younger patients and mild ones in elders ( 101 ). Wanzeck et al.…”

Section: Glycan Masking Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycan masking in vaccine design: Targets, immunogens and applications

2023

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Glycan masking is a novel technique in reverse vaccinology in which sugar chains (glycans) are added on the surface of immunogen candidates to hide regions of low interest and thus focus the immune system on highly therapeutic epitopes. This shielding strategy is inspired by viruses such as influenza and HIV, which are able to escape the immune system by incorporating additional glycosylation and preventing the binding of therapeutic antibodies. Interestingly, the glycan masking technique is mainly used in vaccine design to fight the same viruses that naturally use glycans to evade the immune system. In this review we report the major successes obtained with the glycan masking technique in epitope-focused vaccine design. We focus on the choice of the target antigen, the strategy for immunogen design and the relevance of the carrier vector to induce a strong immune response. Moreover, we will elucidate the different applications that can be accomplished with glycan masking, such as shifting the immune response from hyper-variable epitopes to more conserved ones, focusing the response on known therapeutic epitopes, broadening the response to different viral strains/sub-types and altering the antigen immunogenicity to elicit higher or lower immune response, as desired.

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Acute Hemiplegia Caused by a Retrograde Cerebral Venous Air Embolism After Central Venous Catheter Removal: An Illustrative Case.

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Cerebral Venous Air Embolism due to a Hidden Skull Fracture Secondary to Head Trauma

Cerebral Venous Air Embolism due to a Hidden Skull Fracture Secondary to Head Trauma

Paradoxical and Retrograde Air Embolism from Pressurized Peripheral Bolus

Glycan masking in vaccine design: Targets, immunogens and applications

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