Acute fish oil supplementation modulates the inflammatory response after strenuous exercise in obese men: A cross-over study

Peres, Alessandra; Dorneles, Gilson Pires; Boeira, Maria Carolina R.; Schipper, Lucas de Lima; Beretta, Ângela; Vilela, Thais Ceresér; Andrade, Vanessa Moraes de; Romão, Pedro Roosevelt Torres

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2018.07.017

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is interesting that n-3 PUFAs from fish oil have been found to reduce serum cortisol levels and the production of TNF-α and IL-8 after strenuous exercise. Fish oil supplementation has no effect on lymphocytosis observed during strenuous exercise; however, it prevented the post-exercise decrease in CD8 + T cells (Peres et al, 2018). Four weeks of n-3 PUFA supplementation attenuates the increase in serum inflammatory markers during a period of 1 to 4 days after eccentric exercise (DiLorenzo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Properties Of N-3 Pufmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake?

et al. 2019

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Physical activity has a beneficial effect on systemic hemodynamics, physical strength, and cardiac function in cardiovascular (CV) patients. Potential beneficial effects of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on hemorheology, vascular function, inflammation and potential to improve physical performance as well as other CV parameters are currently investigated. Recent meta-analysis suggests no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on CV function and outcomes of CV diseases. On the other hand, some studies support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs dietary intake on CV and muscular system, as well as on immune responses in healthy and in CV patients. Furthermore, the interaction of exercise and dietary n-3 PUFA intake is understudied. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has been shown to have antithrombotic effects (by decreasing blood viscosity, decreasing coagulation factor and PAI-1 levels and platelet aggregation/reactivity, enhancing fibrinolysis, but without effects on erythrocyte deformability). They decrease inflammation by decreasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα and hsCRP levels, expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and significantly affect blood composition of fatty acids. Treatment with n-3 PUFAs enhances brachial artery blood flow and conductance during exercise and enhances microvascular post-occlusive hyperemic response in healthy humans, however, the effects are unknown in cardiovascular patients. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may improve anaerobic endurance and may modulate oxygen consumption during intense exercise, may increase metabolic capacity, enhance endurance capacity delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function in humans and animal models. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and may attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle stiffness, and preserve joint mobility. On the other hand, effects of n-3 PUFAs were variably observed in men and women and they vary depending on dietary protocol, type of supplementation and type of sports activity undertaken, both in healthy and cardiovascular patients. In this review we will discuss the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise on hemorheology, microvascular function, immunomodulation and inflammation and physical performance in healthy persons and in cardiovascular diseases; elucidating if there is an interaction of exercise and diet.

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Section: Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Properties Of N-3 Pufmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake?

et al. 2019

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“…PBMC, which includes mainly lymphocytes and monocytes, are responsible for specialized immune activities, such as cell growth, surveillance, pathogen recognition, and cytokinesis (Sen, Kemppainen, & Orešič, 2018). Indeed, an increase in lymphocyte DNA damage, as well as lymphopenia, has been observed following exhaustive endurance exercise, which may be associated with the inflammatory response and low immune surveillance (Danese et al, 2017; Peres et al, 2018). In a literature review, Neubauer and coworkers (Neubauer et al, 2008) found no relationship between exercise‐induced inflammatory response and the promotion of lymphocyte DNA damage, mainly due to the anti‐inflammatory impact of moderate exercise in healthy individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between exercise and DNA damage may be explained through the elevation of ROS production during acute bouts by increased activity of phagocytes or due to systemic and tissue metabolic events (Tryfidou et al, 2020). Although exercise‐induced ROS can act as cellular signalling molecules for the induction of physiological adaptations, exacerbations of DNA damage may be detrimental for obese individuals (Peres et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA damage in mononuclear cells following maximal exercise in sedentary and physically active lean and obese men

Peres

Silva

Santos

et al. 2020

European Journal of Sport Science

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We evaluated the impact of maximal exercise on oxidative stress and DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from sedentary and exercised lean and obese men. PBMC were collected before, immediately and 1-h after exercise and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ; 25 and 50 μM, 4 h). A leukocytosis was induced by maximal exercise immediately and 1-h after exercise in all groups. However, a lymphopenia was observed 1-h after exercise in the Sedentary obese group. In the control condition, low DNA damage index concomitant to increases in intracellular glutathione content (GSH) was identified immediately after exercise in all groups. However, higher DNA damage index and lipid peroxidation occurred 1-h after the bout in Sedentary and Exercised Obese groups. PBMC exposed to both H 2 O 2 25 and 50 μM experienced higher DNA damage and lipid peroxidation index immediately after exercise in all groups. Both lipid peroxidation and DNA damage index remained higher in PBMC of Sedentary Lean, Sedentary Obese, and Exercised obese groups obtained 1-h after exercise in both H 2 O 2 25 and 50 μM, with the highest values identified in PBMC from Sedentary Obese group. However, increases in GSH content were identified in treated PBMC from sedentary and exercised lean groups as well as exercised obese group 1-h after exercise. Habitual exercise confers increased resistance of PBMC to DNA damage induced by oxidative stress, reducing the detrimental effects of obesity.

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Effects of Vitamin D3 and Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation: 4-Year Findings from the VITAL Randomized Trial

et al. 2022

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Background: The VITAL study was a nationwide, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) and marine n-3 FAs (1 g/day) supplements. We recently reported that vitamin D supplementation with or without omega 3 fatty acids reduced autoimmune disease by 22% in the VITAL study. Objective: To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 and/or n-3 FAs on changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines over a 4-year period in the VITAL sub-cohort with in-person evaluations at the Center for Clinical Investigations (CCI) in Boston. Design: Serum levels of four inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured in a total of 2713 samples from those 1054 VITAL/CCI participants (aged 64.9 ± 6.5 years, 49% female, 84% white, and 9% black) at baseline, year 2, and year 4 follow-up visits. Results: In multiple-adjusted models, vitamin D3 supplementation decreased serum hs-CRP levels by 19% at 2-year follow-up (nominal p = 0.007; p-value after multiple comparison adjustment = 0.028), but not at 4-year follow-up (nominal and adjusted p-values > 0.05). The effects of vitamin D3 on other inflammatory markers were not statistically significant either at year 2 or year 4 (all adjusted p-values > 0.05). Marine n-3 FAs were not significantly associated with changes of all the above inflammatory markers either at years 2 and 4, after multiple comparison adjustment (all p-values > 0.05). Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation with or without n-3 FAs decreased hs-CRP by 19% at year 2, but not other inflammatory biomarkers at year 2 or year 4, while n-3 FAs with or without vitamin D3 did not significantly affect these biomarkers at either time point. Our findings support a potential role of vitamin D supplementation in modulating the chronic inflammatory process, systemic inflammation, and possibly autoimmune disease progression.

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Acute fish oil supplementation modulates the inflammatory response after strenuous exercise in obese men: A cross-over study

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake?

The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake?

DNA damage in mononuclear cells following maximal exercise in sedentary and physically active lean and obese men

Effects of Vitamin D3 and Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation: 4-Year Findings from the VITAL Randomized Trial

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