Acute finger temperature changes preceding sleep onsets over a 45‐h period

Lack, Leon; Gradisar, Michael

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00312.x

Cited by 43 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As found in earlier studies (5,29,30,34,37), thermoregulatory changes induced by lights off do influence CBT but slowly. In contrast, distal and proximal skin temperatures increase immediately after lights off and before the onset of sleep stage 2 (5,29,30,34,37).…”

Section: Thermoregulatory Effects Related To Lights Off In a Napsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Challenging the sleep homeostat does not influence the thermoregulatory system in men: evidence from a nap vs. sleep-deprivation study

Kräuchi

Knoblauch²,

Wirz‐Justice³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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-The purpose of our study was to understand the relationship between the components of the threeprocess model of sleepiness regulation (homeostatic, circadian, and sleep inertia) and the thermoregulatory system. This was achieved by comparing the impact of a 40-h sleep deprivation vs. a 40-h multiple nap paradigm (10 cycles with 150/75 min wakefulness/sleep episodes) on distal and proximal skin temperatures, core body temperature (CBT), melatonin secretion, subjective sleepiness, and nocturnal sleep EEG slow-wave activity in eight healthy young men in a "controlled posture" protocol. The main finding of the study was that accumulation of sleep pressure increased subjective sleepiness and slow-wave activity during the succeeding recovery night but did not influence the thermoregulatory system as measured by distal, proximal, and CBT. The circadian rhythm of sleepiness (and proximal temperature) was significantly correlated and phase locked with CBT, whereas distal temperature and melatonin secretion were phase advanced (by 113 Ϯ 28 and 130 Ϯ 30 min, respectively; both P Ͻ 0.005). This provides evidence for a primary role of distal vasodilatation in the circadian regulation of CBT and its relationship with sleepiness. Specific thermoregulatory changes occur at lights off and on. After lights off, skin temperatures increased and were most pronounced for distal; after lights on, the converse occurred. The decay in distal temperature (vasoconstriction) was significantly correlated with the disappearance of sleep inertia. These effects showed minor and nonsignificant circadian modulation. In summary, the thermoregulatory system seems to be independent of the sleep homeostat, but the circadian modulation of sleepiness and sleep inertia is clearly associated with thermoregulatory changes. circadian rhythm; skin and core body temperature; electroencephalogram slow-wave activity SLEEPINESS CAN BE DEFINED as a physiological need for sleep with a behavioral measure of the subject's tendency to fall asleep at a certain time (sleep propensity) (3, 25). Sleepiness, and its converse "alertness" (in this study only sleepiness is used), is a regulated and important determinant of psychomotor vigilance and performance (19). Three major processes are considered to be involved in regulating sleepiness: 1) a homeostatic process that is manifested in a growing increase of sleep propensity during the course of wakefulness that is dissipated during sleep (7,14); 2) a circadian process controlled by the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei that produces a maximum drive for alertness during the subjective day and a maximum drive for sleepiness during the subjective night (7, 14); and 3) a process of "sleep inertia," which describes the phenomenon of low vigilance on awakening even though sleepiness should be lowest at the end of a sleep episode (24). These three processes represent the compartments of the mathematical three-process-model for sleepiness (2,18).Many studies have shown that the level of EEG slow-wave activity (S...

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Section: Thermoregulatory Effects Related To Lights Off In a Napsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In contrast, distal and proximal skin temperatures increase immediately after lights off and before the onset of sleep stage 2 (5,29,30,34,37). This indicates that redistribution of body heat from the core to the shell occurs shortly after lights off via relaxation.…”

Section: Thermoregulatory Effects Related To Lights Off In a Napmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenging the sleep homeostat does not influence the thermoregulatory system in men: evidence from a nap vs. sleep-deprivation study

Kräuchi

Knoblauch²,

Wirz‐Justice³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…39,40 Increased peripheral temperature is largely due to reduced activation of noradrenergic vasoconstrictor tone, allowing greater inflow of heated blood from the core, thus facilitating heat loss to the environment through the skin surface. 41 The selective vasodilation of distal skin regions promotes the rapid onset of sleep 41 and is strongly associated with melatonin secretion. 42 Peripheral skin temperature warming (foot temperature) has been shown to reduce sleep onset latency, 43 indicating that normal sleep onset is accomplished by increased peripheral heat loss and/or core temperature decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menopause status is associated with circadian- and sleep-related alterations

et al. 2016

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“…The elevation of Tsk is due largely to increased skin blood flow, which is regulated primarily through two pathways in the sympathetic nervous system: the noradrenergic vasoconstrictor system and the active vasodilator system. The Tsk increase at sleep onset may be attributable primarily to reduced activation of noradrenergic vasoconstrictor tone, allowing greater heat loss to the environment through the skin surface (Lack and Gradisar 2002). On the other hand, increased Tsk in the 2nd segment of the C-H may be due largely to an increase in the active vasodilator system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of humid heat exposure in later sleep segments on sleep stages and body temperature in humans

2004

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This study sought to investigate the effects of humid heat exposure in later sleep segments on sleep stages and body temperature in humans. The subjects were eight healthy males, from whom informed consent had been obtained. The experiments were carried out under three different sets of conditions: a control climate [air temperature (Ta)=26 degrees C, relative humidity (RH)=50%] (C); a humid heat climate (Ta=32 degrees C, RH=80%) (H); and a humid heat exposure in later sleep segments (C for the first 3 h 45 min, followed by a 30-min transition to H, which was then maintained for the last 3 h 45 min) (C-H). Electroencephalogram, EOG, and mental electromyogram, rectal temperature (Tre), and skin temperature (Tsk) were continuously measured. The total amount of wakefulness was significantly increased in H compared to C-H or C. Compared to C, wakefulness in C-H and H was significantly increased during later sleep segments. Tre and mean Tsk were significantly higher in H than in C-H or C. In C-H, Tsk and Tre increased to levels equal to those observed in H after Ta and RH increase. Whole body sweat loss was significantly lower in C-H and C than in H. These results suggest that humid heat exposure in the later sleep segment reduces thermal load as compared to full-night humid heat exposure. In daily life, the use of air conditioning in the initial sleep hours can protect sleep and thermoregulation.

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Acute finger temperature changes preceding sleep onsets over a 45‐h period

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Challenging the sleep homeostat does not influence the thermoregulatory system in men: evidence from a nap vs. sleep-deprivation study

Challenging the sleep homeostat does not influence the thermoregulatory system in men: evidence from a nap vs. sleep-deprivation study

Menopause status is associated with circadian- and sleep-related alterations

Effects of humid heat exposure in later sleep segments on sleep stages and body temperature in humans

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