Acute exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of phenytoin damages early development and induces oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos

Developmental toxicity of the emerging contaminant cyclophosphamide and the integrated biomarker response (IBRv2) in zebrafish

“…50 Delay in hatching is an indication of general responses of the embryo to drug-induced anatomical or physiological or biochemical changes. 51 Generally, access to a drug/toxicant at an early stage is impeded by chorion barriers. 52 However, the interaction of chemicals with the chorions could cause a change in chorion mechanical properties and pore patency.…”

“…GPx activity significantly affects the formation of LPO and maintenance of membrane thiol-protein. 51 Increase in GPx activity might be related to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and balancing/detoxifying ROS enhancement and repair of the oxidative-mediated damage. Also, GPx acceleration is an indication of the failure of CAT in hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity.…”

Fabrication of a surface molecularly imprinted polymer membrane based on a single template and its application in the separation and extraction of phenytoin, phenobarbital and lamotrigine

“…[12][13][14] For example, Cardoso-Vera's group demonstrated that an environmentally relevant concentration of PHT may induce oxidative stress in zebrash embryos and brains of adult zebrash, and increase the acetylcholinesterase level in adult zebrash, thus affecting the embryonic development of zebrash or triggering a harmful response in the brain of adult zebrash. 15,16 Another report showed that PHT and LTG in treated wastewater may induce a stress response in tomato plants. 17 Unchanged forms of PHB excreted through the kidney can contribute to aquatic contamination and potential damage to human health and the environment.…”