Acute exposure to copper induces variable intensity of oxidative stress in goldfish tissues

Abstract

Copper is an essential element, but at high concentrations, it is toxic for living organisms. The present study investigated the responses of goldfish, Carassius auratus, to 96 h exposure to 30, 300, or 700 μg L of copper II chloride (Cu). The content of protein carbonyls was higher in kidney (by 158%) after exposure to 700 mg L copper, whereas in gills, liver, and brain, we observed lower content of protein carbonyls after exposure to copper compared with control values. Exposure to copper resulted in increased levels of lipid peroxides in gills (76%) and liver (95-110%) after exposure to 300 and 700 μg L Cu. Low molecular mass thiols were depleted by 23-40% in liver and by 29-67% in kidney in response to copper treatment and can be used as biomarkers toxicity of copper. The activities of primary antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, were increased in liver as a result of Cu exposure, whereas in kidney catalase activity was decreased. The activities of glutathione-related enzymes, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were decreased as a result of copper exposure, but glutathione reductase activity increased by 25-40% in liver. Taken together, these data show that exposure of fish to Cu ions results in the development of low/high intensity oxidative stress reflected in enhanced activities of antioxidant and associated enzymes in different goldfish tissues.

Effects of Copper Exposure on Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy and Immune Response in Different Tissues of Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

“…Our study further showed that the antioxidant capacity in different tissues of E. sinensis decreased following exposure to 0.70 mg/L of Cu 2+ , indicating that a higher level of Cu 2+ exposure induces oxidative damage. In addition, our data showed a variable intensity of oxidative stress in different tissues after Cu 2+ exposure, which was supported by a previous study in Carassius auratus [ 43 ], indicating the tissue specificity of Cu 2+ toxicity.…”

Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Fighting Planktonic Bacteria and Biofilms: A Review Emphasizing on Mechanistic Aspects

“…The results of the enzyme activity assay revealed a nearly 80% inhibition of the typical natural enzyme activities in bacteria ( Figure 6 a,b). Copper is able to bind to GR to induce its inactivation, according to the previous study [ 87 , 88 ]. GR can catalyze the reduction of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) to maintain redox homeostasis in bacteria [ 43 ].…”

Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome

“…Insufficient intake of copper often leads to anemia, paratrichosis, infertility, and brain disorders [187]. There is also no doubt that copper is toxic at high levels, although it is an essential micronutrient for human bodily functions [188]. An overload of copper quickly results in a detrimental alteration of living organisms, through liver cirrhosis, emesis, diarrhea, arthritis, cognitive decline, and cardiac arrhythmia [187].…”