Acute Exercise and Motor Memory Consolidation: The Role of Exercise Timing

Thomas, Richard; Beck, Mikkel Malling; Lind, Rune Rasmussen; Johnsen, Line Korsgaard; Geertsen, Svend Sparre; Christiansen, Lasse Engbo; Ritz, Christian; Roig, Marc; Lundbye‐Jensen, Jesper

doi:10.1155/2016/6205452

Cited by 73 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(116 reference statements)

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Section: Effect Of Acute Intensification Of Physical Effort (Shorttersupporting

confidence: 78%

“…24 Several studies have shown that, compared to low-intensity activity or a resting state, a high level of aerobic exercise induces an increase in BNDF concentration, which positively affects cognitive function. 25,26 It is also consistent with Davey's exercise-arousal cognition-interaction theory, 12 which predicts a linear relation between effort intensity, arousal level, and cognitive performance.In addition, our study revealed some subtle effects that may contribute to the modification of the motor resonance condition. Undoubtedly, the highest levels of physical exercise (E120%) induced an enhancement in the participants' ability to recognize all types of facial expressions.…”

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confidence: 78%

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Motor Resonance is Sensitive to Long but not Short Modulations of Physical Exercise

MKaouer¹

2017

MOJSM

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the mutual effect experience in a type of sport and the exertion of various levels of physical exercise have on the ability to recognize and decode others' facial expressions. Twenty-one taekwondo athletes and 17 soccer players participated in this study. Each of these participants performed a facialrecognition task while running on treadmill, with the task being performed at five different running speeds (i.e., at rest, 60%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of maximal aerobic speed). The results of this study revealed that the participants' motor resonance increased with greater effort produced. It also revealed that the practitioners of the fighting sport (taekwondo) were systemically faster and more accurate in terms of recognizing facial expressions than the practitioners of the team sport (soccer). The fighters' advantage over the collective sports practitioners in regard to recognition performance was mainly present at conditions involving higher intensities of effort. In conclusion, our study reveals that expertise in fighting sports, which require precise decoding of opponents' emotional states, is associated with enhanced ability to recognize facial expressions.Keywords: facial recognition, neural plasticity, physical effort, soccer, taekwondo MOJ Sports Medicine Research Article Open AccessMotor resonance is sensitive to long but not short modulations of physical exercise different levels of physical effort. An additional investigation here was to verify whether the impact of the short-term effect is modulated by the impact of the long-term effect. Methods ParticipantsTwenty-one expert taekwondo athletes (TKD, age 22±1 years; height 1.70±0.07m; body mass 70.1±7.5kg) and 17 soccer players (SOC, age 23±1years; height 1.70±0.03m; body mass 72.9±3 .7kg) participated in this study. Only TKD and SOC players with at least 10 years of experience in their respective sports and who participate regularly in national and international competition were included. Further, all participants were right-handed and possessed normal vision. All participants were volunteers and were informed of the procedures, methods, benefits, and possible risks involved in the study, and a written consent form was obtained from each. The experimental protocol was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki concerning human experimentation and was approved by the local ethical committee (decision number: 052/17). The experiment was conducted during the regular sports season, four to five months after the start of the competitive period; the participants were asked to maintain their regular training schedules throughout the experimental period (Table 1). Experimental design and procedures Physiological measuresThe participants underwent seven assessment sessions. In the first session, participants were provided complete information concerning the equipment and testing procedures that would be used and gave their consent to participate to this study; we also recorded their anthropomorphic and d...

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Section: Effect Of Acute Intensification Of Physical Effort (Shorttersupporting

confidence: 78%

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confidence: 78%

Motor Resonance is Sensitive to Long but not Short Modulations of Physical Exercise

MKaouer¹

2017

MOJSM

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“…It is also possible that greater effects on learning would have been observed at a time point more distant from practice. Recent studies in humans have found that the effects of a short bout of high intensity exercise on retention are present at 24 hours, but are greatest 7 days later (Thomas, Beck et al 2016, Thomas, Johnsen et al 2016). Finally, it is possible that the amount of time that the subjects exercised at high intensity could have limited the impact of exercise on learning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of high intensity exercise and the Val66Met polymorphism on circulating BDNF and locomotor learning

Helm

Matt

Kirschner

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been directly related to exercise-enhanced motor performance in the neurologically injured animal model; however literature concerning the role of BDNF in the enhancement of motor learning in the human population is limited. Previous studies in healthy subjects have examined the relationship between intensity of an acute bout of exercise, increases in peripheral BDNF and motor learning of a simple isometric upper extremity task. The current study examined the role of high intensity exercise on upregulation of peripheral BDNF levels as well as the role of high intensity exercise in mediation of motor skill performance and retention of a novel locomotor task in neurologically intact adults. In addition, the impact of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the BDNF gene (Val66Met) in moderating the relationship between exercise and motor learning was explored. It was hypothesized that participation in high intensity exercise prior to practicing a novel walking task (split-belt treadmill walking) would elicit increases in peripheral BDNF as well as promote an increased rate and magnitude of within session learning and retention on a second day of exposure to the walking task. Within session learning and retention would be moderated by the presence or absence of Val66Met polymorphism. Fifty-four neurologically intact participants participated in two sessions of split-belt treadmill walking. Step length and limb phase were measured to assess learning of spatial and temporal parameters of walking. Serum BDNF was collected prior to and immediately following either high intensity exercise or 5 minutes of quiet rest. The results demonstrated that high intensity exercise provides limited additional benefit to learning of a novel locomotor pattern in neurologically intact adults, despite increases in circulating BDNF. In addition, presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism on the BDNF gene did not moderate the magnitude of serum BDNF increases with high intensity exercise, nor did it moderate the relationship between high intensity exercise and locomotor learning.

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“…; Thomas et al . , b, ). In this series of studies, motor learning was examined using a unilateral isometric tracking task with the upper extremity and it was found that a single high‐intensity exercise bout, administered either before or after the motor practice, enhanced the retention of the motor task 1 and 7 days after the first exposure (Roig et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Thomas et al . , b, ). Among the exercise‐related parameters, intensity and timing were reported to have a significant effect on motor learning (Roig et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single exercise bout and locomotor learning after stroke: physiological, behavioural, and computational outcomes

Charalambous

Alcântara

French

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Acute high-intensity exercise coupled with motor practice improves the retention of motor learning in neurologically intact adults. However, whether exercise could improve the retention of locomotor learning after stroke is still unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of exercise intensity and timing on the retention of a novel locomotor learning task (i.e. split-belt treadmill walking) after stroke. Thirty-seven people post stroke participated in two sessions, 24 h apart, and were allocated to active control (CON), treadmill walking (TMW), or total body exercise on a cycle ergometer (TBE). In session 1, all groups exercised for a short bout (∼5 min) at low (CON) or high (TMW and TBE) intensity and before (CON and TMW) or after (TBE) the locomotor learning task. In both sessions, the locomotor learning task was to walk on a split-belt treadmill in a 2:1 speed ratio (100% and 50% fast-comfortable walking speed) for 15 min. To test the effect of exercise on 24 h retention, we applied behavioural and computational analyses. Behavioural data showed that neither high-intensity group showed greater 24 h retention compared to CON, and computational data showed that 24 h retention was attributable to a slow learning process for sensorimotor adaptation. Our findings demonstrated that acute exercise coupled with a locomotor adaptation task, regardless of its intensity and timing, does not improve retention of the novel locomotor task after stroke. We postulate that exercise effects on motor learning may be context specific (e.g. type of motor learning and/or task) and interact with the presence of genetic variant (BDNF Val66Met).

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Acute Exercise and Motor Memory Consolidation: The Role of Exercise Timing

Cited by 73 publications

References 77 publications

Motor Resonance is Sensitive to Long but not Short Modulations of Physical Exercise

Motor Resonance is Sensitive to Long but not Short Modulations of Physical Exercise

The influence of high intensity exercise and the Val66Met polymorphism on circulating BDNF and locomotor learning

A single exercise bout and locomotor learning after stroke: physiological, behavioural, and computational outcomes

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