Acute encephalopathy of Bacillus cereus mimicking Reye syndrome

Ichikawa, Kazushi; Gakumazawa, Masayasu; Inaba, Aya; Shiga, Kentaro; Takeshita, Saoko; Mori, Masaaki; Kikuchi, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2009.09.004

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Metabolic acidosis has been reported to be the major pathological trait in fatal and close-to-fatal cases of human food poison- ing caused by cereulide (⌬pH reported to be 0.3 to 0.6) (13,33,43,53,57). This paper appears to be the first report where metabolic acidosis induced by a bacterial toxin was demonstrated for in vitro-exposed mammalian cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Psychrotolerant Paenibacillus tundrae Isolates from Barley Grains Produce New Cereulide-Like Depsipeptides (Paenilide and Homopaenilide) That Are Highly Toxic to Mammalian Cells

Rasimus

Mikkola

Andersson

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Paenilides already became saturated with K ϩ at [K ϩ ] concentrations of 4 mM, i.e., at blood plasma concentrations of K ϩ . These findings indicate that paenilides contained in food may accumulate from the gut into the blood plasma and subsequently become transported to cells and tissues, similarly to cereulide (33,53,59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Psychrotolerant Paenibacillus tundrae Isolates from Barley Grains Produce New Cereulide-Like Depsipeptides (Paenilide and Homopaenilide) That Are Highly Toxic to Mammalian Cells

Rasimus

Mikkola

Andersson

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Usually, symptoms last not more than 1 day, but occasionally, hospitalization is required and intoxications with fatal outcomes are increasingly reported (reviewed in [1,2]). Severe intoxications can lead to acute liver failure and encephalopathy [3,4]. Recently, several isoforms of the cereulide toxin have been described, including one isoform showing tenfold cytotoxicity of the known cereulide in vitro [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus cereus—a Multifaceted Opportunistic Pathogen

Messelhäußer¹,

Ehling‐Schulz

2018

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review This review provides a short overview on the role of Bacillus cereus group organisms as foodborne pathogens and summarizes the current scientific knowledge on B. cereus as causative agent of non-gastrointestinal diseases. Recent Findings B. cereus is a well-known causative agent of foodborne bacterial intoxications in particular linked to the restaurant and catering sector. This endospore forming bacteria can cause two different types of foodborne illness, the emetic and the diarrheic syndrome, which are usually self-limiting. However, severe intoxications, requiring hospitalization and including even fatalities, are on a rise. Furthermore, B. cereus is also increasingly reported as causative agent of non-gastrointestinal diseases, especially in clinical settings. Summary Over the last decades, substantial progress has been made in understanding the role of B. cereus in foodborne outbreaks, while information on non-gastrointestinal diseases, often linked to hospital acquired infections, caused by B. cereus is rather limited.

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“…Due to their lower toxic capacity, children and immunosuppressed individuals are especially vulnerable, and cases of fatal liver failure or encephalopathy have been reported (10,31,49,59). Intoxications can further mimic Reye's syndrome, to which no defined causative agent has been associated so far (21). Cereulide is extremely stable and withstands a broad pH range and enzymatic cleavage, as well as inactivation by filtration or thermal processing during food manufacturing or reheating of prepared foods (2,51).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Cereulide Toxin Synthesis by Emetic Bacillus cereus via Long-Chain Polyphosphates

Frenzel

Letzel

Scherer

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Severe intoxications caused by the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin cereulide can hardly be prevented due to the ubiquitous distribution and heat resistance of spores and the extreme thermal and chemical stability of cereulide. It would therefore be desirable to inhibit cereulide synthesis during food manufacturing processes or in prepared foods, which are stored under time-temperature abuse conditions. Toward this end, the impacts of three long-chain polyphosphate (polyP) formulations on growth and cereulide production were examined. The inhibition was dependent on the concentration and the type of the polyP blend, indicating that polyPs and not the orthophosphates were effective. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) monitoring at sublethal concentrations revealed that polyPs reduced the transcription of ces nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes by 3-to 4-fold along with a significantly reduced toxin production level. At lower concentrations, toxin synthesis was decreased, although the growth rate was not affected. These data indicate a differential effect on toxin synthesis independent of growth inhibition. The inhibition of toxin synthesis in food was also observed. Despite the growth of B. cereus, toxin synthesis was reduced by 70 to 100% in two model food systems (reconstituted infant food and oat milk), which were analyzed with HEp-2 cell culture assays and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/electrospray ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). Accordingly, ces promoter activity was strongly downregulated, as visualized by using a lux-based reporter strain. These data illustrate the potential of polyphosphate formulations to reduce the risk of cereulide synthesis in food and may contribute to targeted hurdle concepts.

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Acute encephalopathy of Bacillus cereus mimicking Reye syndrome

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Psychrotolerant Paenibacillus tundrae Isolates from Barley Grains Produce New Cereulide-Like Depsipeptides (Paenilide and Homopaenilide) That Are Highly Toxic to Mammalian Cells

Psychrotolerant Paenibacillus tundrae Isolates from Barley Grains Produce New Cereulide-Like Depsipeptides (Paenilide and Homopaenilide) That Are Highly Toxic to Mammalian Cells

Bacillus cereus—a Multifaceted Opportunistic Pathogen

Inhibition of Cereulide Toxin Synthesis by Emetic Bacillus cereus via Long-Chain Polyphosphates

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