“…The progressive introduction of effective psychopharmacotherapy in the 1950s, however, oversaw a prominent reduction in its utilization and a narrowing of its indications to mental illnesses that were primarily affective in nature, severe, medication‐resistant, or life‐threatening (Chanpattana, , ; Kramer, ; Kristensen, Bauer, Hageman, & Jorgensen, ; Kumagaya & Halliday, ; Leiknes et al, ). Although the use of ECT is well established in affective disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, its utility in primary psychotic conditions, such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, has remained more abstruse (Chanpattana, ; Kumagaya & Halliday, ). Internationally, this is reflected by conspicuous variations in clinical practice between countries and regions—whereas affective disorders are the leading indications for treatment in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, ECT is most commonly a treatment for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder across Asia, Africa, and parts of Europe (Leiknes et al, ).…”