Acute effects of power and resistance exercises on hemodynamic measurements of older women

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of resistance training (RT) and power training (PT) on the hemodynamic parameters and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability of older women.Materials and methodsA randomized experimental design was used in this study. Twenty-one older women (age: 67.1±4.6 years; body mass index: 28.03±4.9 kg/m2; systolic blood pressure: 135.1±21.1 mmHg) were recruited to participate in this study. Volunteers were randomly allocated into PT, RT, and control session (CS) groups. The PT and RT groups underwent a single session of physical exercise equalized by training volume, characterized by 3 sets of 8–10 repetitions in 8 different exercises. However, RT group performed exercise at a higher intensity (difficult) than PT (moderate) group. On the other hand, concentric contractions were faster in PT group than in RT group. Hemodynamic parameters and saliva samples (for NO quantification) were collected before and during an hour after exercise completion.ResultsResults demonstrated post-exercise hypotension during 35 minutes in the PT when compared to rest period (P=0.001). In turn, RT showed decreased heart rate and double product (P<0.001) during the whole evaluation period after exercise completion compared with the rest period. NO levels increased in the PT and RT during the whole evaluation period in relation to rest period. However, there were no differences between PT, RT, and CS regarding hemodynamic and NO evaluations.ConclusionData indicate that an acute session of power and resistance exercise can be effective to cause beneficial changes on hemodynamic parameters and NO levels in older women.

Comparison of Post-Exercise Hypotension Responses in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes after Completing Two Bench Press Training Intensities

“…That study [10] found a longer post-exercise hypotension response after 70% of 1RM condition compared with the 80% of 1RM condition. With fewer sets performed to repetition failure at the lowest intensity, there might have been less predominance of the sympathetic nervous system during and after the 70% of 1RM condition [25]. Thus, it seems from this study that the 90% or 95% of 1RM condition involved the right trade-off between less sympathetic nervous system activation to stimulate the longest duration of a reduction in post-exercise blood pressure in Paralympic powerlifting athletes.…”

Low blood pressure is sustained during subsequent activities of daily living performed after power training in older women

“…In fact, just recently, in a seminal experiment from our laboratory, the acute effects of PT with elastic bands in blood pressure values of normotensive and hypertensive older adults were elucidated ( Coelho-Junior et al, 2017a ). Results demonstrate a significant PEH during 35 min after exercise cessation ( Coelho-Junior et al, 2017a ). Therefore, data of the present study showed, for the first time, that hypotension post PT can be—at least, partially—preserved during the subsequent performance of ADL.…”

“…Unfortunately, possible mechanisms associated with the protective effects of PT in blood pressure values were not investigated in the present study. However, data from Coelho-Junior et al (2017a) indicate that nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is increased during 1 hr after a unique session of PT in older women. These data have been also demonstrated by other studies, so that is possible infer that this molecule collaborates with the effects of PT observed in the present study ( Asano et al, 2013 ; Asano et al, 2014 ; Santana et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Nevertheless, the effects of physical exercise on the cardiovascular system are not circumscribed to its chronic effects, and evidence demonstrate lower blood pressure values in relation to the pre-exercise moment after an acute session of exercise ( Asano et al, 2014 ; Coelho-Junior et al, 2017a ; Macedo et al, 2014 ). This phenomenon is called hypotension postexercise (HPE).…”

“…It is important to mention that PT has been widely recommending composing the programs of physical exercise addressed for older people, once evidence suggest that muscle power decreases faster and in a larger magnitude, as well as is more associated with functionality and mobility than other physical capacities, such as muscle strength ( Bean et al, 2003 ; Dietzel et al, 2013 ; Lauretani et al, 2003 ). Even if a substantial number of studies have been confirmed the beneficial effects of PT in the functional capacities of older adults ( Ramírez-Campillo et al, 2016 ; Wallerstein et al, 2012 ), just recently, in a seminal study from our group ( Coelho-Junior et al, 2017a ), its acute effects in the cardiovascular system started to be elucidated. However, a question remains regarding the capacity of PT to collaborate with maintaining of lower blood pressure values during the performance of physical tasks in older adults.…”