Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on the Coronary Circulation in Healthy Young Adults

Otsuka, Ryo; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Hirata, Kumiko; Tokai, Kotaro; Muro, Takashi; Yoshiyama, Minoru; Takeuchi, Kazuhide; Yoshikawa, Junichi

doi:10.1001/jama.286.4.436

Cited by 351 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

231

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although SHS causes over 10 times as many deaths from heart disease as from lung cancer, no attempt has been made to set a level of SHS to protect from heart disease and other adverse effects of SHS. The adverse cardiovascular effects of SHS do not require years of exposure, but can occur following short exposures (Glantz and Parmley, 2001;Otsuka et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

Hammond¹,

Emmons

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was undertaken to measure the passive smoking exposure of prisoners at three correctional facilities in the US and to evaluate the effectiveness of a ban on smoking in reducing these exposures at two of these facilities. The average weekly concentration of nicotine was measured in fixed locations within the correctional facilities using passive samplers. Samples were collected before and after a smoking ban was instituted, and after the policy was modified to allow smoking outdoors. Samples were collected in the living areas, near where inmates slept and watched TV, and in selected central facilities, including dining halls, visiting rooms, booking areas, and learning centers. Average weekly concentrations of nicotine were measured in 84 locations while smoking was allowed; changes in these concentrations were measured with 112 weekly samples 4 and 9 months after the policy restricting smoking was implemented The average concentrations of nicotine were high while smoking was allowed: most living and sleeping areas averaged 3-11 mg/m 3 , but the gym that was used as a bunkroom averaged 25 mg/m 3 ; these values compare to an average of 2 mg/m 3 in the homes of smokers. The smoking ban significantly reduced nicotine concentrations in the living areas (Po0.01 at facility A and Po0.05 at facility B) to averages of 1.5-2.2 mg/m 3 ; all postban samples were less than 5 mg/m 3 . In conclusion, secondhand smoke concentrations in correctional facilities can be quite high; however, policies banning smoking are effective in reducing, but not eliminating, these exposures.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

Hammond¹,

Emmons

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These figures generate major concerns given the overwhelming evidence on the adverse health effects of SHS (26) together with recent reports showing that, despite currently adopted measures, the prevalence rates of smoking are increasing (30). Experimental data from our (17) and other (14,18,19,26) laboratories suggest that even brief exposures to SHS cause marked changes in thyroid hormone secretion, platelet aggregation, endothelial function, arterial pressure waveform, inflammatory markers, as well as other hemodynamic alterations involved in the development of ischemic heart disease. At least some of these effects appear to be more pronounced in men compared with women (14, 20), but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has yet to be elucidated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Sexual dimorphism in the acute effects of secondhand smoke on thyroid hormone secretion, inflammatory markers and vascular function

Flouris

Metsios²,

Jamurtas³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flouris AD, Metsios GS, Jamurtas AZ, Koutedakis Y. Sexual dimorphism in the acute effects of secondhand smoke on thyroid hormone secretion, inflammatory markers and vascular function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294: E456-E462, 2008. First published December 11, 2007 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00699.2007.-Experimental evidence for the physiological effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) is limited, although it affects millions of people globally and its prevalence is increasing, despite currently adopted antismoking measures. Also, scarce evidence suggests that the effects of SHS may be more pronounced in men. We conducted a randomized single-blind crossover study to investigate the sex-specific SHS effects in a controlled simulated bar/restaurant environment on gonadal and thyroid hormones, inflammatory cytokines, and vascular function. Twentyeight (women ϭ 14) nonsmoking adults underwent a 1-h exposure to moderate SHS and a 1-h control trial. Serum and urine cotinine, gonadal and thyroid hormones, inflammatory cytokines, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure were assessed before exposure and immediately after in both trials. Results showed that testosterone (P ϭ 0.019) and progesterone (P Ͻ 0.001) in men and 17␤-estradiol (P ϭ 0.001) and progesterone (P Ͻ 0.001) in women were significantly decreased after SHS. In men, SHS was accompanied by increased free thyroxine (P Ͻ 0.001), triiodothyronine (P ϭ 0.020), and decreased the triiodothyronine-to-free thyroxine ratio (P ϭ 0.033). In women, significant SHS-induced change was observed only in free thyroxine (P ϭ 0.010), with considerable sex variation in free thyroxine and triiodothyronine and a decrease in luteinizing hormone (P ϭ 0.026) and follicle-stimulating hormone (P Ͻ 0.001). After SHS, IL-1␤ (P ϭ 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (P ϭ 0.040) were increased in men but not women. We concluded that a 1-h SHS exposure at bar/ restaurant levels is accompanied by decrements in gonadal hormones in both sexes and marked increases in thyroid hormone secretion, IL-1␤ production, and systolic blood pressure in men.environmental tobacco smoke; cotinine; estrogen; cytokines MORE THAN 126 MILLION AMERICAN and 130 million Chinese adult nonsmokers are currently exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) on a daily basis, while global estimates include 700 million children and 50 million pregnant women (31). These figures generate major concerns given the overwhelming evidence on the adverse health effects of SHS (26) together with recent reports showing that, despite currently adopted measures, the prevalence rates of smoking are increasing (30). Experimental data from our (17) and other (14,18,19,26) laboratories suggest that even brief exposures to SHS cause marked changes in thyroid hormone secretion, platelet aggregation, endothelial function, arterial pressure waveform, inflammatory markers, as well as other hemodynamic alterations involved in the development of ischemic heart disease. At least some of these effects appear to be more pronounced in men compared with women (14, 20),...

show abstract

“…There is no evidence that there is a safe level of exposure to ETS, 8 however, and studies have indicated that even brief exposures can adversely affect non-smokers. 9 For example, Otsuka and colleagues reported significant changes in endothelial function among healthy young non-smokers after just 30 minutes of exposure to ETS; function decreased to that found in habitual smokers. 9 ETS incursions might be particularly harmful in homes with young children, since children are more vulnerable to the effects of ETS because of their higher relative ventilation rates which lead to a higher intake of smoke.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 For example, Otsuka and colleagues reported significant changes in endothelial function among healthy young non-smokers after just 30 minutes of exposure to ETS; function decreased to that found in habitual smokers. 9 ETS incursions might be particularly harmful in homes with young children, since children are more vulnerable to the effects of ETS because of their higher relative ventilation rates which lead to a higher intake of smoke. 10 Because interventions to decrease ETS exposure in the home are controversial, it is important to gauge current official smoking policies in apartment buildings and apartment dwellers' attitudes concerning smoking in public areas and their own policies regarding smoking in their units.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferences and practices among renters regarding smoking restrictions in apartment buildings

Hennrikus

Pentel

Sandell³

2003

Tob Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:This study assessed renters’ preferences for official smoking policies in their buildings and their practices concerning restricting tobacco smoking in their apartments.Design:Renters (n = 301) living in large apartment complexes in a suburb of Minneapolis, Minnesota, completed a mail survey.Main outcome measures:The survey asked about the official smoking policies in place in their apartment buildings, their preferences for policies, whether they had smelled tobacco smoke coming into their apartments from without, and, if so, what they had done about it.Results:The majority of non-smokers (79%) preferred that their building be smoke-free. When asked to identify the current smoking policy in their buildings, residents disagreed substantially. Most renters (60%) reported smoke-free policies in their own apartments and another significant proportion (23%) restricted smoking to certain areas or occasions or persons. 75% thought that enforcing a smoke-free policy for guests would not be difficult. 53% of those in non-smoking households had smelled tobacco smoke in their apartments; most of these reported being bothered by it. However, very few complained to the building owner or manager (15.5%) or to the smoker (6.9%).Conclusions:The majority of non-smokers preferred that their buildings be smoke-free. A failure to report problems to apartment managers might be an impediment to instituting smoke-free policies in apartment buildings. The considerable disagreement among residents within apartment complexes about the current official smoking policy in their buildings suggests that policies are lacking or are not well communicated.

show abstract

Acute Effects of Passive Smoking on the Coronary Circulation in Healthy Young Adults

Abstract: Passive smoking substantially reduced CFVR in healthy nonsmokers. This finding provides direct evidence that passive smoking may cause endothelial dysfunction of the coronary circulation in nonsmokers.

Cited by 351 publications

References 41 publications

Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

Sexual dimorphism in the acute effects of secondhand smoke on thyroid hormone secretion, inflammatory markers and vascular function

Preferences and practices among renters regarding smoking restrictions in apartment buildings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About