Acute Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke Mortality

Abstract

Background and Purpose: A large body of literature reported the association of particulate matter (PM) with stroke in high-income countries. Few studies have examined the association between PM and stroke in middle- and low-income countries and considered the types of stroke. In this study, we examined the short-term effects of particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and particulate matter <10 μm in diameter (PM10) on ischemic stroke mortality and hemorrhagic stroke mortality in Beijing, China.Methods: We used an ecological study design and quasi-Poisson generalized additive models to evaluate the association of PM2.5 and PM10 and cerebrovascular diseases mortality, as well as ischemic- and hemorrhagic stroke mortality. In the model, we controlled long-term and season trends, temperature, and relative humidity, the day of the week and air pollution. For cerebrovascular diseases mortality, we examined the effects stratified by sex and age with different lag days.Results: A total of 48,122 deaths for cerebrovascular disease (32,799 deaths for ischemic stroke and 13,051 deaths for hemorrhagic stroke) were included in the study. PM2.5 was associated with stroke mortality. The 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was associated with the increase of mortality, 0.27% (95% CI, 0.12–0.43%) for cerebrovascular diseases, 0.23% (95% CI, 0.04–0.42%) for ischemic stroke and 0.37% (95% CI, 0.07–0.67%) for hemorrhagic stroke -. The associations between PM10 and mortality were also detected for cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic stroke, but not in hemorrhagic stroke. The stratified analysis suggested age and gender did not modify the effects of PM on mortality significantly.Conclusions: Our study suggested that short-term exposure to ambient PM was associated with the risk of stroke mortality.

Association between Post-Diagnosis Particulate Matter Exposure among 5-Year Cancer Survivors and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Three Metropolitan Areas from South Korea

“…In the present study, there was no association between PM concentration and stroke in cancer survivors. Both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke risk were increased in cancer patients [47,48] even after 10 years of surviving [49] in previous studies. This phenomenon may need to be investigated further.…”

Association between exposure to air pollution and thalamus volume in adults: A cross-sectional study

“…For example, studies have found an association between PM 10 and multiple sclerosis including etiology [44] as well as with relapse [45]. PM 10 has also been associated with ischemic stroke mortality [46]. PM 10 has been shown to stimulate lung inflammation and endothelial injury [47] and encourage atherosclerosis [48].…”

Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital admissions for transient ischemic attacks in Beijing, China

“…As a potentially modifiable risk factor, the effects of air pollution on human health are a topic that has received much attention in recent decades. A large body of epidemiological and clinical studies supports the existence of positive associations between air pollution and the morbidity and mortality of ischemic stroke, as well as hemorrhagic stroke (Andersen et al 2012;Huang et al 2019;Sun et al 2019;Zhang et al 2018). According to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), both transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke are categorized as cerebrovascular disorders (Bo Norrving et al 2013;Sacco et al 2013).…”