Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on Circulating Steroid Levels in Healthy Subjects

Strajhar, Petra; Schmid, Yasmin; Liakoni, Evangelia; Dolder, Patrick C.; Rentsch, Katharina; Kratschmar, Denise V.; Odermatt, Alex; Liechti, Matthias E.

doi:10.1111/jne.12374

Cited by 61 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, the latter study did not evaluate dose- or concentration-response functions. Other data that were generated in the present study have been previously reported including acute and subacute adverse effects (Dolder et al 2015b; Dolder et al 2016; Schmid et al 2015; Strajhar et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Clinical experimental research with LSD has recently seen a resurgence (Carhart-Harris et al 2016b; Carhart-Harris et al 2015; Carhart-Harris et al 2016c; Dolder et al 2015b; Dolder et al 2016; Kaelen et al 2015; Kaelen et al 2016; Lebedev et al 2016; Roseman et al 2016; Schmid et al 2015; Speth et al 2016; Strajhar et al 2016; Tagliazucchi et al 2016; Terhune et al 2016). An increasing amount of data has been generated on the effects of LSD (75 μg) on various neuronal correlates of brain activation (Carhart-Harris et al 2016c; Kaelen et al 2016; Lebedev et al 2016; Roseman et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations of consciousness and mystical-type experiences after acute LSD in humans

2016

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RationaleLysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used recreationally and in clinical research. Acute mystical-type experiences that are acutely induced by hallucinogens are thought to contribute to their potential therapeutic effects. However, no data have been reported on LSD-induced mystical experiences and their relationship to alterations of consciousness. Additionally, LSD dose- and concentration-response functions with regard to alterations of consciousness are lacking.MethodsWe conducted two placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over studies using oral administration of 100 and 200 μg LSD in 24 and 16 subjects, respectively. Acute effects of LSD were assessed using the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness (5D-ASC) scale after both doses and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) after 200 μg.ResultsOn the MEQ, 200 μg LSD induced mystical experiences that were comparable to those in patients who underwent LSD-assisted psychotherapy but were fewer than those reported for psilocybin in healthy subjects or patients. On the 5D-ASC scale, LSD produced higher ratings of blissful state, insightfulness, and changed meaning of percepts after 200 μg compared with 100 μg. Plasma levels of LSD were not positively correlated with its effects, with the exception of ego dissolution at 100 μg.ConclusionsMystical-type experiences were infrequent after LSD, possibly because of the set and setting used in the present study. LSD may produce greater or different alterations of consciousness at 200 μg (i.e., a dose that is currently used in psychotherapy in Switzerland) compared with 100 μg (i.e., a dose used in imaging studies). Ego dissolution may reflect plasma levels of LSD, whereas more robustly induced effects of LSD may not result in such associations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4453-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of consciousness and mystical-type experiences after acute LSD in humans

2016

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“…The studies were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02308969, NCT01878942). The subjective, endocrine, and pharmacokinetic effects of LSD in Study 2 were previously reported (Dolder et al, 2015b;Schmid et al, 2015;Strajhar et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, little to no clinical research on LSD has been conducted since then (Nichols, 2016;Passie et al, 2008). Today, LSD is again the focus of clinical investigations, including experimental studies in healthy subjects (Carhart-Harris et al, 2016Dolder et al, 2015b;Schmid et al, 2015;Strajhar et al, 2016), and clinical trials that evaluate LSD-assisted psychotherapy (Gasser et al, 2014). LSD that was administered only a few times decreased anxiety and increased quality of life over a period of 12 months in patients with anxiety associated with terminal illness .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LSD acutely impairs fear recognition and enhances emotional empathy and sociality

Dolder¹,

Schmid²,

Mueller³

et al. 2016

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used recreationally and has been evaluated as an adjunct to psychotherapy to treat anxiety in patients with life-threatening illness. LSD is well-known to induce perceptual alterations, but unknown is whether LSD alters emotional processing in ways that can support psychotherapy. We investigated the acute effects of LSD on emotional processing using the Face Emotion Recognition Task (FERT) and Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET). The effects of LSD on social behavior were tested using the Social Value Orientation (SVO) test. Two similar placebo-controlled, double-blind, random-order, crossover studies were conducted using 100 μg LSD in 24 subjects and 200 μg LSD in 16 subjects. All of the subjects were healthy and mostly hallucinogen-naive 25-to 65-year-old volunteers (20 men, 20 women). LSD produced feelings of happiness, trust, closeness to others, enhanced explicit and implicit emotional empathy on the MET, and impaired the recognition of sad and fearful faces on the FERT. LSD enhanced the participants' desire to be with other people and increased their prosocial behavior on the SVO test. These effects of LSD on emotion processing and sociality may be useful for LSD-assisted psychotherapy.

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“…1, 4 Currently, there are renewed efforts to use substances like LSD and psilocybin in basic research and clinical practice. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 Psilocybin has been studied as a treatment option for addiction, depression and for anxiety in patients with advanced stage cancer. 8, 9, 10, 11 LSD has been shown to reduce anxiety in patients with life-threatening diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects

et al. 2017

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induces profound changes in various mental domains, including perception, self-awareness and emotions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the acute effects of LSD on the neural substrate of emotional processing in humans. Using a double-blind, randomised, cross-over study design, placebo or 100 μg LSD were orally administered to 20 healthy subjects before the fMRI scan, taking into account the subjective and pharmacological peak effects of LSD. The plasma levels of LSD were determined immediately before and after the scan. The study (including the a priori-defined study end point) was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov before study start (NCT02308969). The administration of LSD reduced reactivity of the left amygdala and the right medial prefrontal cortex relative to placebo during the presentation of fearful faces (P<0.05, family-wise error). Notably, there was a significant negative correlation between LSD-induced amygdala response to fearful stimuli and the LSD-induced subjective drug effects (P<0.05). These data suggest that acute administration of LSD modulates the engagement of brain regions that mediate emotional processing.

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Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on Circulating Steroid Levels in Healthy Subjects

Cited by 61 publications

References 56 publications

Alterations of consciousness and mystical-type experiences after acute LSD in humans

Alterations of consciousness and mystical-type experiences after acute LSD in humans

LSD acutely impairs fear recognition and enhances emotional empathy and sociality

Acute effects of LSD on amygdala activity during processing of fearful stimuli in healthy subjects

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