Acute Effects of Different Activity Types and Work-To-Rest Ratio on Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Young Male and Female Taekwondo Athletes

Abstract

The study assessed conditioning activities’ (CAs’) effects involving different work-to-rest ratios (WRR) on taekwondo athletes’ physical performance. Adolescent taekwondo athletes (age: 16 ± 1 years) randomly participated in the control six experimental conditions. Each condition was composed of standard warm-up and CA composed of plyometrics (P) or repeated high-intensity techniques (RHIT) performed using three different WRR: 1:6, 1:7, self-selected rest time (SSRT). After rest, athletes performed countermovement jump (CMJ), taekwondo specific agility test (TSAT), 10 s frequency speed kick test (FSKT-10s), multiple frequency speed kick test (FSKT-mult). P1:7, SSRT induced techniques higher number in FSKT-10s (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) and lower TSAT time (p < 0.01 for all comparisons) compared with control. Kicks-number recorded during FSKT-mult was lower in the control compared with RHIT1:6 (p = 0.001), RHIT1:7 (p < 0.001), RHITSSRT (p < 0.05), P1:7 (p < 0.001), and SSRT (p < 0.001). Kicking decrement index (DI) during FSKT-mult was lower after RHIT1:6 compared with control (p = 0.008), RHIT1:7 (p = 0.031), P 1:6 (p = 0.014), PSSRT (p = 0.041). (1) P1:7 and PSSRT can be used to improve taekwondo-specific agility and kicks-number, (2) RHIT1:6 is beneficial to maintain low DI, and (3) plyometric and different WRR-repeated-techniques can enhance kicks-number.

The effects of tempo and loudness variations during warm-up with music on perceived exertion, physical enjoyment and specific performances in male and female taekwondo athletes

“…The whole testing session lasted around 10 min (including rest between tests). The choice of the 9 km·h -1 speed for the warm-up was based on previous studies [ 33 – 35 ] using the FSKT-10s and the FSKT-mult as testing procedures. Such warm-up speed could enable athletes to create an active synchronization (i.e., consciously synchronize movement rate with the rhythmical qualities of music) with the fast loud music, which could reduce the metabolic cost of the warm-up by promoting greater neuromuscular and kinetic efficiency [ 6 , 36 ].…”

Acute effects of plyometric-based conditioning activity and warm-up music stimuli on physical performance and affective state in male taekwondo athletes

“…PAPE is a phenomenon modulated by different factors, including CA protocol (i.e., mode, duration, effort/pause ratio, rest interval, intensity) and the target population (i.e., sex, training status, age, background) ( 3 – 5 ). In combat sports, the use of CA interventions has revealed mixed results ( 8 , 9 ). In fact, while some procedures succeed in inducing a PAPE stimulus ( 8 – 10 ), others failed to do so ( 11 ).…”

“…Even with similar protocols, taekwondo (TKD) investigations have reported inconsistent findings ( 11 , 13 ), indicating that PAPE is a sensitive phenomenon that will require optimization for specific populations ( 7 , 14 ). In the context of TKD, plyometrics are among the most used CA which has shown effectiveness at improving sport-specific performances ( 9 , 15 ). Such modes of intervention resulted in PAPE effects using short rest intervals ( 15 ).…”

“…Although CA ( 9 , 10 , 15 ) and warm-up music ( 24 , 25 ) have been shown independently to impart benefits on TKD performance, whether their combined effects provide further enhancement is unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the acute combined effects of CA and listening to music during warm-up on the subsequent physical performance and associated psychological responses in TKD athletes.…”

Effect of Post-Activation Potentiation according to Sequence of Velocity Using Isokinetic Device on Short-Term Performance of Lower Extremity: Taekwondo Athletes and Healthy Adults

“…[18][19][20][21] PAP can be induced through resistance training prior to sports game, which leads to improved performance. [22][23][24][25] In general, performance degradation was observed due to temporary fatigue induction after preload exercise, but it was effectively observed to improve short-term performance as a PAP response afterward. 18,26,27 Researchers have studied a few physiological mechanisms to explain this phenomenon.…”