Acute effects of diets rich in almonds and walnuts on endothelial function

Bhardwaj, Ravindra; Dod, Harvinder S.; Sandhu, Manjinder S.; Bedi, Rohil; Dod, Sachin; Konat, G.; Chopra, HK; Sharma, Rakesh; Jain, Abnash C.; Nanda, Navin C.

doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.030

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Most past studies that have measured blood pressure have reported no change with dietary walnuts [ 16 , 28 ]. However, several studies have reported improved endothelial function in association with walnuts, with increased flow-mediated dilation in overweight volunteers [ 29 ], in hyperlipidemic patients [ 30 ], and improved endothelial function in association with walnuts was confirmed in a systematic review [ 31 ]. There is evidence that endothelial and vascular function may be improved through increased production of nitric oxide from its precursor arginine, and through inhibition of endothelin-1 [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that endothelial and vascular function may be improved through increased production of nitric oxide from its precursor arginine, and through inhibition of endothelin-1 [ 27 ]. In addition, walnuts have been associated with reduced circulating adhesion molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-Selectin [ 29 , 32 ], as well as reduced circulating inflammatory markers in humans and mice [ 18 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Walnut Supplementation in a Mouse Model of the Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2017

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There is extensive evidence that walnut consumption is protective against cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the healthy population, but the beneficial effects of walnut consumption in individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain uncertain. We compared a range of cardio-metabolic traits and related tissue gene expression associated with 21 weeks of dietary walnut supplementation in a mouse model of MetS (MetS-Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice (n = 10 per genotype per diet, equal males and females). Compared to standard diet, walnuts did not significantly alter food consumption or body weight trajectory of either MetS-Tg or WT mice. In MetS-Tg mice, walnuts were associated with reductions in oral glucose area under the curve (gAUC, standard diet 1455 ± 54, walnut 1146 ± 91, p = 0.006) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, standard diet 100.6 ± 1.9, walnut 73.2 ± 1.8 mmHg, p < 0.001), with neutral effects on gAUC and MAP in WT mice. However, in MetS-Tg mice, walnuts were also associated with trends for higher plasma cholesterol (standard diet 4.73 ± 0.18, walnut 7.03 ± 1.99 mmol/L, p = 0.140) and triglyceride levels (standard diet 2.4 ± 0.5, walnut 5.4 ± 1.6 mmol/L, p = 0.061), despite lowering cholesterol and having no effect on triglycerides in WT mice. Moreover, in both MetS-Tg and WT mice, walnuts were associated with significantly increased liver expression of genes associated with metabolism (Fabp1, Insr), cell stress (Atf6, Ddit3, Eif2ak3), fibrosis (Hgf, Sp1, Timp1) and inflammation (Tnf, Ptpn22, Pparg). In conclusion, dietary walnuts were associated with modest favourable effects in WT mice, but a combination of beneficial and adverse effects in MetS-Tg mice, and up-regulation of hepatic pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory genes in both mouse strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Walnut Supplementation in a Mouse Model of the Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2017

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“…It is also recommended that 84 g of walnut on a daily basis for four weeks has a potential to decrease serum levels of total cholesterol by 12% [54]. The beneficial effect of walnut consumption in reducing the risk of CVD is not limited to reducing blood cholesterol level only but also attributed to the lowering LDL-C, vascular inflammation, improving endothelial dysfunction and enhancing antioxidant activity [55][56][57]. The cholesterol lowering effect of walnut could be due to the presence of phytosterols in it.…”

Section: Walnut and Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Nuts as Dietary Source of Fatty Acids and Micro Nutrients in Human Health

Pradhan¹,

Peter²,

Dileep³

2021

Nuts and Nut Products in Human Health and Nutrition

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In recent times, the Mediterranean diet plans are very popular because it has a lot of advantage in protecting from chronic health problems. Nuts are the integral part of the Mediterranean diet and advised to be incorporated in diet for health benefits. Both tree nuts and pea nut are good source of unsaturated fatty acids, soluble and insoluble fibers, good quantity of vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals with recognized benefits to human health. Due to life style disorders many chronic diseases are increasing in human beings. There are many epidemiological studies and research conducted on the relationship between consumption of nuts and chronic disease risks. This book chapter elaborately discusses about the nutritional composition of the nuts and their effect on cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and cancer.

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“…For example, oral intake of 2 g of n-3 PUFAs per day for 12 weeks significantly improved FMD of brachial artery and pulse wave velocity in adults with metabolic syndrome (Tousoulis et al, 2014). A recent cross-over study in overweight individuals reported that a walnut-rich diet (23.1% energy from n-3 PUFAs) compared to an almond-rich diet significantly improved FMD of brachial artery and decreased soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule level (Bhardwaj et al, 2018). Furthermore, increased serum DHA level was a positive contributor to an increased FMD of brachial artery in 160 consecutive Japanese patients with coronary artery disease (Yagi et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Effect Of N-3 Pufas and Exercise On Vascular Function Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake?

et al. 2019

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Physical activity has a beneficial effect on systemic hemodynamics, physical strength, and cardiac function in cardiovascular (CV) patients. Potential beneficial effects of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid on hemorheology, vascular function, inflammation and potential to improve physical performance as well as other CV parameters are currently investigated. Recent meta-analysis suggests no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on CV function and outcomes of CV diseases. On the other hand, some studies support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs dietary intake on CV and muscular system, as well as on immune responses in healthy and in CV patients. Furthermore, the interaction of exercise and dietary n-3 PUFA intake is understudied. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has been shown to have antithrombotic effects (by decreasing blood viscosity, decreasing coagulation factor and PAI-1 levels and platelet aggregation/reactivity, enhancing fibrinolysis, but without effects on erythrocyte deformability). They decrease inflammation by decreasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNFα and hsCRP levels, expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules and significantly affect blood composition of fatty acids. Treatment with n-3 PUFAs enhances brachial artery blood flow and conductance during exercise and enhances microvascular post-occlusive hyperemic response in healthy humans, however, the effects are unknown in cardiovascular patients. Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs may improve anaerobic endurance and may modulate oxygen consumption during intense exercise, may increase metabolic capacity, enhance endurance capacity delaying the onset of fatigue, and improving muscle hypertrophy and neuromuscular function in humans and animal models. In addition, n-3 PUFAs have anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects and may attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle stiffness, and preserve joint mobility. On the other hand, effects of n-3 PUFAs were variably observed in men and women and they vary depending on dietary protocol, type of supplementation and type of sports activity undertaken, both in healthy and cardiovascular patients. In this review we will discuss the physiological effects of n-3 PUFA intake and exercise on hemorheology, microvascular function, immunomodulation and inflammation and physical performance in healthy persons and in cardiovascular diseases; elucidating if there is an interaction of exercise and diet.

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Acute effects of diets rich in almonds and walnuts on endothelial function

Abstract: Both walnut and almond diets improved FMD and sVCAM and there was no significant difference in physiological and biochemical markers between the two diets.

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Walnut Supplementation in a Mouse Model of the Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic and Blood Pressure Effects of Walnut Supplementation in a Mouse Model of the Metabolic Syndrome

Nuts as Dietary Source of Fatty Acids and Micro Nutrients in Human Health

The Physiological Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) Intake and Exercise on Hemorheology, Microvascular Function, and Physical Performance in Health and Cardiovascular Diseases; Is There an Interaction of Exercise and Dietary n-3 PUFA Intake?

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