Acute Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on High-Intensity Strength and Power Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Trexler, Eric T.; Persky, Adam M.; Ryan, Eric D.; Schwartz, Todd A.; Stoner, Lee; Smith‐Ryan, Abbie E.

doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01091-z

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Perez-Guisado and Jakeman (2010) found citrulline enhanced repetitions to fatigue during resistance exercise. A recent meta-analysis (Trexler et al, 2019) reported a small, but significant effect of citrulline-based supplements for such outcomes. The exact mechanisms underlying the ergogenic effects of citrulline-based supplements are not entirely elucidated at this time.…”

Section: Nitric Oxide Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Recommendations for Physique Athletes

Roberts¹,

Helms

Trexler³

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Kinetics

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The popularity of physique sports is increasing, yet there are currently few comprehensive nutritional guidelines for these athletes. Physique sport now encompasses more than just a short phase before competition and offseason guidelines have recently been published. Therefore, the goal of this review is to provide an extensive guide for male and female physique athletes in the contest preparation and recovery period. As optimal protein intake is largely related to one’s skeletal muscle mass, current evidence supports a range of 1.8-2.7 g/kg. Furthermore, as a benefit from having adequate carbohydrate to fuel performance and activity, low-end fat intake during contest preparation of 10-25% of calories allows for what calories remain in the “energy budget” to come from carbohydrate to mitigate the negative impact of energy restriction and weight loss on training performance. For nutrient timing, we recommend consuming four or five protein boluses per day with one consumed near training and one prior to sleep. During competition periods, slower rates of weight loss (≤0.5% of body mass per week) are preferable for attenuating the loss of fat-free mass with the use of intermittent energy restriction strategies, such as diet breaks and refeeds, being possibly beneficial. Additionally, physiological and psychological factors are covered, and potential best-practice guidelines are provided for disordered eating and body image concerns since physique athletes present with higher incidences of these issues, which may be potentially exacerbated by certain traditional physique practices. We also review common peaking practices, and the critical transition to the post-competition period.

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Section: Nitric Oxide Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Recommendations for Physique Athletes

Roberts¹,

Helms

Trexler³

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…On the other hand, NO synthase-dependent pathway supplements, such as arginine or citrulline, have shown different results. While arginine supplementation has demonstrated improvements in both aerobic and anaerobic performance with acute (0.15 g/kg) or chronic (1.5-2.0 g/day for 4-7 weeks or 10-12 g/day for 8 weeks) protocols [61], acute protocols of citrulline supplementation (3-6 g) showed a small effect size (0.2) on high-intensity strength and power performance in resistance exercise [62]. In master female tennis players (51.0 ± 9.0 years), acute protocol with 8 g of citrulline improved handgrip strength and power peak in a specific anaerobic test, but not the capacity of sustained power or jump power [37].…”

Section: Effects Of Nitric Oxide (No) Precursors In Racquet Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Racquet Sports: A Systematic Review

2020

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A nutritional ergogenic aid (NEA) can help athletes optimize performance, but an evidence-based analysis is required in order to support training outcomes or competition performance in specific events. Racquet sports players are regularly exposed to a high-intensity workload throughout the tournament season. The activity during a match is characterized by variable durations (2–4 h) of repeated high-intensity bouts interspersed with standardized rest periods. Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO were searched from their inception until February 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent reviewers extracted data, after which they assessed the risk of bias and the quality of trials. Out of 439 articles found, 21 met the predefined criteria: tennis (15 trials), badminton (three trials), paddle (one trial), and squash (two trials). Among all the studied NEAs, acute dosages of caffeine (3–6 mg/kg) 30–60 min before a match have been proven to improve specific skills and accuracy but may not contribute to improve perceived exertion. Currently, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate, beetroot juice, citrulline, and glycerol need more studies to strengthen the evidence regarding improved performance in racquet sports.

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“…While some of them were only performed in vitro or in animal models, [ 9 , 14 ] others showed diverging results. [ 16 – 18 , 32 , 39 , 40 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use the dietary amino acids to be examined in the common forms of L-citrulline malate and L-arginine hydrochloride. [ 11 , 32 ] Former studies described short-term administration of L-citrulline dosages up to 15 g as well-tolerated without adverse effects. [ 33 ] Doses over 15 g led to saturation effects during the increase of arginine plasma concentration (which was referred to renal arginine synthesis by the authors), thus lower dosages were recommended for clinical practice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for determining muscular perfusion after oral intake of L-citrulline, L-arginine, and galloylated epicatechines

et al. 2020

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Introduction: The market for dietary supplements in the sports sector has been growing rapidly for several years, though there is still lacking evidence regarding their claimed benefits. One group is that of nitric oxide increasing supplements, so-called “NO-boosters,” which are claimed to improve the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the muscle by enhancing vasodilation. The aim of this study was to investigate 3 of these supplements in healthy male athletes for their muscle perfusion-enhancing potential using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Methods: This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized cross-over trial will be carried out at the Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury of the University Hospital Heidelberg. Three commercial NO enhancing products including 300 mg of the specific green tea extract VASO6 and a combination of 8 g L-citrulline malate and 3 g L-arginine hydrochloride will be examined for their potential to increase muscular perfusion in 30-male athletes between 18 and 40 years and will be compared with a placebo. On each of the 3 appointments CEUS of the dominant biceps muscle will be performed at rest and after a standardized resistance training. Every athlete receives each of the 3 supplements once after a wash-out period of at least 1 week. Perfusion will be quantified via VueBox quantification software. The results of CEUS perfusion measurements will be compared intra- and interindividually and correlated with clinical parameters. Discussion: The results of this study may help to establish CEUS as a suitable imaging modality for the evaluation of potentially vasodilatory drugs in the field of sports. Other supplements could also be evaluated in this way to verify the content of their advertising claims. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), ID: DRKS00016972, registered on 25.03.2019.

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Acute Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on High-Intensity Strength and Power Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

Nutritional Recommendations for Physique Athletes

Nutritional Recommendations for Physique Athletes

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Racquet Sports: A Systematic Review

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for determining muscular perfusion after oral intake of L-citrulline, L-arginine, and galloylated epicatechines

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