Acute effects of cigarette smoking on left ventricular diastolic function

Kyriakides, Zenon S.; Kremastinos, Dimitrios Th.; Rentoukas, Elias; Mavrogheni, S.; Kremastinos, D. I.; Toutouzas, P.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060250

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The acute adverse effects of smoking on myocardial relaxation were originally observed in coronary artery disease patients [14], with acute impairment of coronary vasomotion implicated as the main cause [15]. Such effects on diastolic function are also detected in healthy smokers [5-7] Cigarette smoke contains significant amounts of free radicals, promoting oxidative stress and inflammation [16] At the cellular level, decreased function of myocardial mitochondria [17] and DNA damage [18] has been observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of using an electronic nicotine-delivery device (electronic cigarette) on myocardial function: comparison with the effects of regular cigarettes

Farsalinos

Tsiapras

Kyrzopoulos

et al. 2014

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

148

121

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BackgroundElectronic cigarettes have been developed and marketed in recent years as smoking substitutes. However, no studies have evaluated their effects on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to examine the immediate effects of electronic cigarette use on left ventricular (LV) function, compared to the well-documented acute adverse effects of smoking.MethodsEchocardiographic examinations were performed in 36 healthy heavy smokers (SM, age 36 ± 5 years) before and after smoking 1 cigarette and in 40 electronic cigarette users (ECIG, age 35 ± 5 years) before and after using the device with “medium-strength” nicotine concentration (11 mg/ml) for 7 minutes. Mitral flow diastolic velocities (E, A), their ratio (E/A), deceleration time (DT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) and corrected-to-heart rate IVRT (IVRTc) were measured. Mitral annulus systolic (Sm), and diastolic (Em, Am) velocities were estimated. Myocardial performance index was calculated from Doppler flow (MPI) and tissue Doppler (MPIt). Longitudinal deformation measurements of global strain (GS), systolic (SRs) and diastolic (SRe, SRa) strain rate were also performed.ResultsBaseline measurements were similar in both groups. In SM, IVRT and IVRTc were prolonged, Em and SRe were decreased, and both MPI and MPIt were elevated after smoking. In ECIG, no differences were observed after device use. Comparing after-use measurements, ECIG had higher Em (P = 0.032) and SRe (P = 0.022), and lower IVRTc (P = 0.011), MPI (P = 0.001) and MPIt (P = 0.019). The observed differences were significant even after adjusting for changes in heart rate and blood pressure.ConclusionsAlthough acute smoking causes a delay in myocardial relaxation, electronic cigarette use has no immediate effects. Electronic cigarettes’ role in tobacco harm reduction should be studied intensively in order to determine whether switching to electronic cigarette use may have long-term beneficial effects on smokers’ health.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN16974547

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of using an electronic nicotine-delivery device (electronic cigarette) on myocardial function: comparison with the effects of regular cigarettes

Farsalinos

Tsiapras

Kyrzopoulos

et al. 2014

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

148

121

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“…Endothelial cell dysfunction is an early feature of atherosclerosis and is also implicated in the genesis of glomerular injury. Disturbed active vasodilation is also deleterious for coronary arteries [86, 87]and might be important in the genesis of altered renal hemodynamics and renal functional parameters of smokers [68, 88, 89, 90]. …”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Smoking-related Nephrotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking – A Renal Risk Factor

Orth¹

2000

Nephron

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One of the most important tasks of clinical and experimental nephrology is to identify the risk factors of progression of renal failure. A major renal risk factor which has not been sufficiently acknowledged despite increasing evidence is cigarette smoking. Diabetologists were the first to recognize the adverse effects of smoking on the kidney: both in type 1 and in type 2 diabetes smoking (i) increases the risk of development of nephropathy and (ii) nearly doubles the rate of progression to end-stage renal failure. Until recently it was not known whether smoking also increases the risk to progress to end-stage renal failure in patients with primary renal disease. A retrospective multicenter European case-control study showed that smoking is an independent risk factor for end-stage renal failure in patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory renal disease, i.e. IgA glomerulonephritis and polycystic kidney disease. The pathogenesis of the smoking-related renal damage is largely unknown. The intermittent increase in blood pressure during smoking seems to play a major role in causing renal damage, but further potential pathomechanisms are presumably also operative. Smoking as a renal risk factor is of great interest to diabetologists as well as nephrologists, but unfortunately so far this information has had little impact on patient management. The present article reviews the current knowledge about the renal risks of smoking and discusses the potential mechanisms of smoking-mediated renal injury.

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“…The Doppler diastolic indexes had satisfactory reproducibility [14], A cross-sectional parasternal view was used just beyond the mitral valve to obtain M-mode recordings for each subject at end-expiration. A mean value of four to six cardiac cycles was calculated for the estima tion of the different variables.…”

Section: Echo-doppler Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Preload Increase on Ventricular Filling in Coronary Artery Disease

Kyriakides¹,

Kremastinos²,

Paraskevaides³

et al. 1993

Cardiology

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a preload increase on ventricular filling dynamics in 50 coronary artery disease patients both before and immediately after leg elevation. Mitral and tricuspid peak E and A velocities and the mitral E/A velocity ratio increased after leg elevation whereas isovolumic relaxation time and mitral deceleration time decreased. The increase in tricuspid peak A velocity after leg elevation was related to the positivity of the exercise stress test (p = 0.01). The increase in mitral peak A velocity was related to the history of old myocardial infarction (p = 0.006).

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Acute effects of cigarette smoking on left ventricular diastolic function

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Acute effects of using an electronic nicotine-delivery device (electronic cigarette) on myocardial function: comparison with the effects of regular cigarettes

Acute effects of using an electronic nicotine-delivery device (electronic cigarette) on myocardial function: comparison with the effects of regular cigarettes

Smoking – A Renal Risk Factor

Effects of a Preload Increase on Ventricular Filling in Coronary Artery Disease

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