Acute effects of casein on postprandial lipemia and incretin responses in type 2 diabetic subjects

Brader, Lea; Holm, Laurits J.; Mortensen, Lene; Thomsen, Carsten; Astrup, Arne; Holst, Jens J.; Vrese, Michael de; Schrezenmeir, Jürgen; Hermansen, Kjeld

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.019

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…14,15 Although, the milk protein casein per se did not modulate the postprandial triglyceride response in T2DM. 14 However, when whey protein, another milk protein, was added to a fat-rich meal it acutely reduces the postprandial triglyceride response in T2DM subjects compared with casein, cod and gluten. 16 Pal et al 17 has confirmed the improvement in PPL after ingestion of whey protein in overweight postmenopausal women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of different fractions of whey protein on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in type 2 diabetes

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Exacerbated postprandial lipid responses are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Dietary proteins influence postprandial lipemia differently, and whey protein has a preferential lipid-lowering effect. We compared the effects of different whey protein fractions on postprandial lipid and hormone responses added to a high-fat meal in type 2 diabetic subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 12 type 2 diabetic subjects ingested four isocaloric test meals in randomized order. The test meals contained 100 g of butter and 45 g of carbohydrate in combination with 45 g of whey isolate (iso-meal), whey hydrolysate (hydromeal), a-lactalbumin enhanced whey (lac-meal) or caseinoglycomacropeptide enhanced whey (CGMP-meal). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride, retinyl palmitate, free fatty acid, insulin, glucose, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide were measured before and at regular intervals until 8-h postprandially. RESULTS: We found no statistical significant differences between meals on our primary variable triglyceride. The retinyl palmitate response was higher after the hydro-meal than after the iso-and lac-meal in the chylomicron-rich fraction (P ¼ 0.008) while no significant differences were found in the chylomicron-poor fraction. The hydro-and iso-meal produced a higher insulin response compared with the lac-and CGMP-meal (Po0.001). Otherwise no significant differences in the hormone responses were found in the incremental area under the curve over the 480-min period. CONCLUSIONS: A supplement of four different whey protein fractions to a fat-rich meal had similar effects on postprandial triglyceride responses in type 2 diabetic subjects. Whey isolate and whey hydrolysate caused a higher insulin response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of different fractions of whey protein on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in type 2 diabetes

et al. 2012

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“…Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that the addition of refined carbohydrates to a fat-rich meal increases PPL in T2DM (Brader et al, 2010). However, this observation could not be demonstrated in healthy subjects (Westphal et al, 2004;Lairon et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Thus, the unfavorable effect of carbohydrate on PPL seen in T2DM can be reduced by adding casein to the meal (Westphal et al, 2004;Brader et al, 2010). However, casein added to a fat-rich meal without carbohydrate did not affect PPL compared with a fat-rich meal per se in T2DM (Brader et al, 2010). In addition, Nilsson et al (2004) showed that milk proteins in general and whey protein in particular have the most insulinotropic abilities among a wide range of dietary proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute differential effects of milk-derived dietary proteins on postprandial lipaemia in obese non-diabetic subjects

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: Postprandial lipaemia is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis. To investigate the acute effect of four milk-derived dietary proteins (alpha-lactalbumin, whey isolate, caseinoglycomacropeptide and whey hydrolysate) on postprandial lipaemia, we have conducted a randomized, acute, single-blinded clinical intervention study with crossover design. Subjects/Methods: A total of 11 obese non-diabetic subjects (age: 44-74, BMI: 30-41.4 kg m -2 ) were included. On 4 different days the subjects ingested a high-fat meal with the following energy distribution: 66% energy from fat (100 g of butter), 15% of energy from carbohydrate (90 g of white wheat bread) and 19% of energy from protein (45 g of pure protein). Our primary variable was plasma triglyceride measured in the 8-h postprandial period. Secondarily, retinyl palmitate, non-esterified free fatty acids, glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP, active and total grehlin and cholecystokinin were measured. Results: We observed no statistically significant (P ¼ 0.8) differences between meals on our primary variable that is, triglycerides. Whey hydrolysate was associated with a significantly (P ¼ 0.02) smaller postprandial suppression of non-esterified free fatty acids compared with the other dietary proteins. Conclusion: We did not observe significant differences in postprandial lipaemia to the four milk-derived dietary proteins. Whey hydrolysate caused less postprandial suppression of free fatty acids.

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“…Interestingly, the induction from hydrolyzed casein was independent of the leucine content. The incretin hormones GIP and GLP-1 are proposed only to play a minor role in the insulinotropic effect of casein in T2D subjects [64]. However, hydrolyzed casein stimulates the release of GIP more substan- tially than intact casein, whereas the GLP-1 response is independent of protein fractionation [60].…”

Section: Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dairy Protein and Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

Bjørnshave¹,

Hermansen²

2014

Rev Diabet Stud

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■ AbstractThe incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Evidence supports a negative relationship between the consumption of dairy products and risk of MetS and T2D. Dairy proteins are known to have a directly beneficial effect on hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, but a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms is missing. It has been confirmed by observations that the insulinotropic effect of dairy proteins is associated with the amino acid composition; in particular branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) seem to be of vital importance. Dairy protein-derived peptides may also contribute to the insulinotropic effect via dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory activity, and may lower the blood pressure (BP). The lipid metabolism may be improved by whey protein (WP), which acts to reduce the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response. The effect of dairy fat is much more controversial because of the potentially harmful effect exerted by saturated fatty acid (SFA) on metabolic health. Recent observations suggest less adverse effects of SFA on metabolic health than previous assumed. However, little is known about dairy lipid fractions belonging to the groups of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and phospholipids (PL). Dairy fat seems to act differently depending on the dairy product and the composition of macronutrients in the meal. Therefore, for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the dairy protein and fat effect on MetS, we suggest that more human studies should be carried out to clarify the interactions of dairy protein and fat with macronutrients in the meal and other dairy components, such as micronutrients and microorganisms from fermented products.Keywords: type 2 diabetes · metabolic syndrome · glucose metabolism · lipid metabolism · blood pressure · dairy fat

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Acute effects of casein on postprandial lipemia and incretin responses in type 2 diabetic subjects

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of different fractions of whey protein on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in type 2 diabetes

Effects of different fractions of whey protein on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in type 2 diabetes

Acute differential effects of milk-derived dietary proteins on postprandial lipaemia in obese non-diabetic subjects

Effects of Dairy Protein and Fat on the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

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