Acute effects of ambient air pollution on outpatient children with respiratory diseases in Shijiazhuang, China

Song, Jie; Lu, Mengxue; Zheng, Liheng; Liu, Yue; Xu, Pengwei; Li, Yuchun; Xu, Dongqun; Wu, Weidong

doi:10.1186/s12890-018-0716-3

Cited by 66 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that air pollutants are the risk factors for many respiratory diseases in children. An eight-year time-series study in Hanoi showed that all air pollutants (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 and SO 2 ) were positively associated with pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma hospitalizations among children [18], like that reported in Shijiazhuang [23] and Taiwan [9]. Consistent with these studies, we also found all air pollutants (except PM 10 ) were positively related to the outpatient visits of bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In stratification analysis, all of these outpatients were classified into different sex (boys and girls) and age (0-3 years, 4-6 years and 7-13 years), and season [cold season (November to March), hot season (June to August) and transition season (April, May, September and October)] [23,30]. According to the AIC and previous studies [23,31], the df of time was 3, 2, 3 per year for the cold, hot and transition season, respectively. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis by changing the df from 5 to 9 per year for calendar time and from 3 to 8 for temperature and relative humidity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, a study with very limited data has reported the effect of PM 2.5 over respiratory disease in Lanzhou, but didn't focus on the children [21]. Normally, children are often divided into young children period (0-3 years age), preschool period (4-6 years age) and school period (7-13 years age), displaying growing level of immunity, who may show different effects when exposed to air pollution [23]. Therefore, we aim to assess the effects of air pollutants on children's outpatient visits for respiratory diseases from different subgroups with the data of 15 hospitals in a poor area of China-Lanzhou city.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of air pollution with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases of children in an ex-heavily polluted Northwestern city, China

Liu

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: A great number of studies have confirmed that children are a particularly vulnerable population to air pollution. Methods: In the present study, 332,337 outpatient visits of 15 hospitals for respiratory diseases among children (0-13 years), as well as the simultaneous meteorological and air pollution data, were obtained from 2014 to 2016 in Lanzhou, China. The generalized additive model was used to examine the effects of air pollutants on children's respiratory outpatient visits, including the stratified analysis of age, gender and season. Results: We found that PM 2.5 , NO 2 and SO 2 were significantly associated with the increased total respiratory outpatient visits. The increments of total respiratory outpatient visits were the highest in lag 05 for NO 2 and SO 2 , a 10 μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 and SO 2 was associated with a 2.50% (95% CI: 1.54, 3.48%) and 3.50% (95% CI: 1.51, 5.53%) increase in total respiratory outpatient visits, respectively. Those associations remained stable in twopollutant models. Through stratification analysis, all air pollutants other than PM 10 were significantly positive associated with the outpatients of bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infection. Besides, both NO 2 and SO 2 were positively related to the pneumonia outpatient visits. PM 2.5 and SO 2 were significantly related to the outpatient visits of other respiratory diseases, while only NO 2 was positively associated with the asthma outpatients. We found these associations were stronger in girls than in boys, particularly in younger (0-3 years) children. Interestingly, season stratification analysis indicated that these associations were stronger in the cold season than in the transition or the hot season for PM 10 , PM 2.5 and SO 2. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the air pollution exposure may account for the increased risk of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children in Lanzhou, particularly for younger children and in the cold season.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of air pollution with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases of children in an ex-heavily polluted Northwestern city, China

Liu

et al. 2020

BMC Public Health

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“…Le et al demonstrated that in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, hospital admissions of young children for acute lower respiratory infection were generally positively correlated with ambient levels of SO 2 during the dry season (November-April), but not the rainy season (May-October) [34]. In China, Song et al explored the acute effects of SO 2 on children's outpatient visits for respiratory diseases and found that a 10 µg/m 3 increase in the 2-day average concentration (lag01) of SO 2 corresponded to an increase of 0.33% (95% CI 0.10-0.56%) in daily hospital visits [35]. In addition to SO 2 pollution, we also explored the effect of NO 2 on the HFMD incidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between ambient air pollution and daily incidence of pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease in Ningbo, 2014–2016: a distributed lag nonlinear model

Lü

et al. 2020

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has high prevalence around the world, with serious consequences for children. Due to the long survival period of HFMD virus in ambient air, air pollutants may play a critical role in HFMD epidemics. We collected data on daily cases of HFMD among children aged 0–14 years in Ningbo City between 2014 and 2016. Distributed lag nonlinear models were used to assess the effects of particulate matter (PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) on the daily incidence of HFMD among children, with analyses stratified by gender and age. Compared with moderate levels of air pollution, high SO2 levels had a relative risk (RR) of 2.32 (95% CI 1.42–3.79) and high NO2 levels had a RR of 2.01 (95% CI 1.22–3.31). The RR of O3 was 2.12 (95% CI 1.47–3.05) and that of PM2.5 was 0.77 (95% CI 0.64–0.92) at moderate levels of air pollution. Specifically, high levels of SO2 and NO2 had RRs of 2.39 (95% CI 1.44–3.96) and 2.02 (95% CI 1.21–3.39), respectively, among 0–4-year-old children, while high O3 had an RR of 2.31 (95% CI 1.09–4.89) among 5–14-year-old children. Our findings suggest significant associations of high SO2 and NO2 levels and moderate O3 levels in HFMD epidemics, and also indicate that air pollution causes lagged effects on HFMD epidemics. Our study provides practical and useful data for targeted prevention and control of HMFD based on environmental evidence.

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“…There is a severe air pollution in China due to rapid economic development which led to implementation of series of measures to substitute solid fuel for clean energy (eg, electricity, gas, and solar energy) for cooking and heating in 28 cities to reduce air pollution and protect human health in 2017. However, the status of air pollution are still serious especially in northern rural areas . The main sources of outdoor air pollutants are anthropogenic activities such as the combustion of solid fuels predominantly involved in industrial processes and road traffic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phenanthrene on oxidative stress and inflammation in lung and liver of female rats

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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Phenanthrene (Phe) female rat model was established to explore the effects of Phe on oxidative stress and inflammation. The rats were randomly divided into three groups including control (C), low (L), and high (H) group. Phe was supplied to L and H groups at the dosage of 180 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg orally at first day, and with the dose 90 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection at the last 2 days. The C group was enriched with the same volume of corn oil. The blood, lung, and liver tissues were collected. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were detected to evaluate oxidative stress.The protein and mRNA expressions of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were detected to evaluate inflammation. Further, the forkhead box transcription factor 3 (Foxp3) was analyzed to hint the injury mechanism of inflammation. The results showed SOD and MDA in lung and liver, and serum 8-OHdG elevated significantly in H groups (P < .05). Meanwhile, there were significant increases in the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in lung and liver of H groups (P < .05). In addition, the protein and mRNA expressions of TGF-β and Foxp3 were all decreased significantly in both lung and liver of H groups (P < .05). Results demonstrated that an obvious change of Phe exposure could induce oxidative stress and inflammation in female rats. This is a first pilot study to explore the association between Phe exposure and oxidative stress and inflammation using a female rat model. K E Y W O R D Sinflammatory cytokines, liver, lung, oxidative stress, phenanthrene

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Acute effects of ambient air pollution on outpatient children with respiratory diseases in Shijiazhuang, China

Cited by 66 publications

References 32 publications

Association of air pollution with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases of children in an ex-heavily polluted Northwestern city, China

Association of air pollution with outpatient visits for respiratory diseases of children in an ex-heavily polluted Northwestern city, China

Associations between ambient air pollution and daily incidence of pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease in Ningbo, 2014–2016: a distributed lag nonlinear model

Effects of phenanthrene on oxidative stress and inflammation in lung and liver of female rats

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