Acute effect of Ceylon cinnamon extract on postprandial glycemia: alpha-amylase inhibition, starch tolerance test in rats, and randomized crossover clinical trial in healthy volunteers

Abstract

BackgroundPostprandial hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for the development of several health disorders including type 2 diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular diseases. One encouraging approach for a better control of postprandial glycemia is to reduce carbohydrate digestion. Cinnamon extracts have been known for managing blood glucose. However, their effects on inhibiting digestion of carbohydrate have been poorly analyzed to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of a specific Ceylon cinnamon hydro-alcoholic extract (CCE) on carbohydrate digestion and post-meal blood glucose reduction.MethodsIn vitro enzymatic assays and in vivo starch tolerance tests in rats were designed as preclinical assays. Then, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial was conducted in 18 healthy female and male volunteers. Following the intake of 1 g of CCE, the subjects ate a standardized meal. Blood samples were collected during the 2 hours following the meal to measure glucose and insulin concentrations. Areas under the curves were calculated and statistical differences between the CCE and placebo groups were analyzed using the Mann Whitney-Wilcoxon test.ResultsCCE has demonstrated in the in vitro study that it inhibited pancreatic alpha-amylase activity with an IC50 of 25 μg/mL. In the in vivo study, CCE was shown to acutely reduce the glycemic response to starch in a dose-dependent manner in rats. This effect was significant from the dose of 12.5 mg/kg of body weight. In both, the in vitro and in vivo studies, the hydro-alcoholic extract has shown to be more efficacious than the aqueous extract. In the human clinical trial, 1 g of CCE lowered the area under the curve of glycemia between 0 and 120 min by 14.8% (P = 0.15) and between 0 and 60 min by 21.2% (P < 0.05) compared to the placebo. This effect occurred without stimulating insulin secretion. No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionThese results suggest that Ceylon cinnamon hydro-alcoholic extract (CCE) may provide a natural and safe solution for the reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia and therefore help to reduce the risks of developing metabolic disorders.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02074423 (26/02/2014)

Antihyperglycemic activities of twig extract of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) on high‐fat diet and streptozotocin‐induced hyperglycemic rats

“…The four groups were the diabetic control (DC) group, fed with HFD and 0.1% (grams per gram of body weight) water; the positive control (PC) group, fed with HFD and 30 mg kg −1 pioglitazone; the high‐dosage CoTEs (HCO) group, fed with HFD and 150 mg kg −1 CoTEs; and the low‐dosage CoTEs (LCO) group, fed with HFD and 30 mg kg −1 CoTEs. The dosages of HCO and LCO used herein were those reported in previous studies of C. zeylanicum bark extracts that could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in rats . The dosage of pioglitazone used in rat models ranged from 10 to 30 mg kg −1 , and 30 mg kg −1 of pioglitazone was chosen to compare with the 30 mg kg −1 of CoTEs treatment.…”

“…The dosages of HCO and LCO used herein were those reported in previous studies of C. zeylanicum bark extracts that could reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in rats. 19,20 The dosage of pioglitazone used in rat models ranged from 10 to 30 mg kg −1 , and 30 mg kg −1 of pioglitazone was chosen to compare with the 30 mg kg −1 of CoTEs treatment. The rats were treated for 12 weeks, and their glucose tolerance was measured by an OGTT every 4 weeks.…”

Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Inhibits Hyperlipidemia and Inflammation by Modulation of Transcription Factors in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed Rats

“…Natural products can show an obvious role in the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Cinnamon has been used as spice for a long time [18]. In addition it is gained from the inner bark of tropical evergreen cinnamon plants [18].…”

“…Cinnamon has been used as spice for a long time [18]. In addition it is gained from the inner bark of tropical evergreen cinnamon plants [18]. There are two main types of cinnamon: True or Ceylon cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum and C. zeylanicum) and cassia cinnamon ( C. aromaticum and C. burmannii ).…”

Effect of Prosopis farcta extracts on some complications (hematology and lipid profiles) associated with alloxan induced diabetic rats

“…Cardiovascular are directly related to lipoprotein metabolism and indirectly to the glycemic state (5). Natural products have good roles in the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic diseases (6). Previous research confirmed the efficacy of P. farcta beans powder as a beneficial agent to decrease LDL-C cholesterol and increase HDL-C cholesterol concentration, indicating a hypolipidemic property of P. farcta (7).…”