Acute drug-related mortality of people recently released from prisons

Møller, Lars; Matić, Srdan; Bergh, B.J. van den; Moloney, K.P.; Hayton, Paul; Gatherer, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2010.08.012

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In this study, regardless of recent incarceration, current MMT was associated with reduced risk of NFOD, highlighting both the benefits of MMT as a harm reduction measure and the particular importance of continuity in treatment provision for IDU returning from custody to the community (Dolan et al, 2005; Kinner, 2006; Larney, Toson, Burns, & Dolan, 2012; Møller et al, 2010; Palepu et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2008). Irrespective of recent incarceration, risk of NFOD also decreased with increasing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Incidence and risk factors for non-fatal overdose among a cohort of recently incarcerated illicit drug users

Kinner

Milloy

Wood

et al. 2012

Addictive Behaviors

107

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Background Release from prison is associated with a markedly increased risk of both fatal and non-fatal drug overdose, yet the risk factors for overdose in recently released prisoners are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify risk and protective factors for non-fatal overdose (NFOD) among a cohort of illicit drug users in Vancouver, Canada, according to recent incarceration. Methods Prospective cohort of 2515 community-recruited illicit drug users in Vancouver, Canada, followed from 1996 to 2010. We examined factors associated with NFOD in the past six months separately among those who did and did not also report incarceration in the last six months. Results One third of participants (n=829, 33.0%) reported at least one recent NFOD. Among those recently incarcerated, risk factors independently and positively associated with NFOD included daily use of heroin, benzodiazepines, cocaine or methamphetamine, binge drug use, public injecting and previous NFOD. Older age, methadone maintenance treatment and HIV seropositivity were protective against NFOD. A similar set of risk factors was identified among those who had not been incarcerated recently. Conclusions Among this cohort, and irrespective of recent incarceration, NFOD was associated with a range of modifiable risk factors including more frequent and riskier patterns of drug use. Not all ex-prisoners are at equal risk of overdose and there remains an urgent need to develop and implement evidence-based preventive interventions, targeting those with modifiable risk factors in this high risk group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Incidence and risk factors for non-fatal overdose among a cohort of recently incarcerated illicit drug users

Kinner

Milloy

Wood

et al. 2012

Addictive Behaviors

107

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“…Heroin and crack cocaine users in our study had a greater likelihood of continued drug usage in prison. Both substances are considered highly addictive (Termorshuizen, Krol, Prins, & van Ameijden, 2005), and persistent use is associated with serious long-term consequences (Hser, Hoffman, Grella, & Anglin, 2001) including infectious disease transmission and/or progression (Baum et al, 2009; Gyarmathy, Neaigus, Miller, Friedman, & Des Jarlais, 2002), unintentional drug overdose (Galea et al, 2003; Moller et al, 2010), and death (Termorshuizen, Krol, Prins, & van Ameijden, 2005), all of which disproportionately affect newly released prisoners (Binswanger et al, 2007; Merrall et al, 2010). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Illicit Drug Use Among Prisoners

Rowell-Cunsolo¹,

Sampong²,

Befus³

et al. 2016

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background The United States of America currently has the highest incarceration rate in the world, and approximately 80% of incarcerated individuals have a history of illicit drug use. Despite institutional prohibitions, drug use continues in prison, and is associated with a range of negative outcomes. Objectives To assess the relationship between prison drug use, duration of incarceration, and a range of covariates. Results Most participants self-reported a history of illicit drug use (77.5%). Seven percent reportedly used drugs during the previous six months of incarceration (n = 100). Participants who had been incarcerated for more than a year were less likely than those incarcerated for longer than a year to report using drugs (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.26–0.98). Participants aged 37–89 were less likely than younger prisoners to use drugs (OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.19–0.80). Heroin users were twice as likely as nonheroin users to use drugs (OR = 2.28; 95% CI = 1.04–5.03); crack cocaine users were also twice as likely as participants with no history of crack cocaine usage to report drug use (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.13–5.69). Conclusions Correctional institutions should be used as a resource to offer evidence-based services to curb drug usage. Drug treatment programs for younger prisoners, heroin and crack cocaine users, and at the beginning of a prisoner's sentence should be considered for this population.

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“…Other issues that complicate re-entry, such as low levels of education, poor vocational skills, co-occurring mental health problems, suicidality, physical or sexual abuse, and poor physical health, and childcare responsibilities are more common among substance-involved incarcerated women than among substance-involved incarcerated men (Adams et al, 2008; Greenfield et al, 2007; Langan & Pelissier, 2001; Messina et al, 2003, 2006; Pelissier et al, 2003; Zlotnick et al, 2008). These risks are in addition to those posed to all re-entering populations, including difficulties finding housing and employment, resurgence of high-risk behavior (Pelissier et al, 2007), and overdose (Binswanger et al, 2011; Moller et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I know if I drink I won’t feel anything”: substance use relapse among depressed women leaving prison

Johnson

Schonbrun

Nargiso

et al. 2013

International Journal of Prisoner Health

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Purpose The purpose of this article is to explore treatment needs and factors contributing to engagement in substance use and sobriety among women with co-occurring substance use and major depressive disorders as they return to the community from prison. Design This article used qualitative methods to evaluate the perspectives of 15 women with co-occurring substance use and major depressive disorders on the circumstances surrounding their relapse and recovery episodes following release from a U.S. prison. Women were recruited in prison; qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews conducted after prison release and were analyzed using grounded theory analysis. Survey data from 39 participants supplemented qualitative findings. Findings Results indicated that relationship, emotion, and mental health factors influenced women’s first post-prison substance use. Women attributed episodes of recovery to sober and social support, treatment, and building on recovery work done in prison. However, they described a need for comprehensive pre-release planning and post-release treatment that would address mental health, family, and housing/employment and more actively assist them in overcoming barriers to care. Practical implications In-prison and aftercare treatment should help depressed, substance using women prisoners reduce or manage negative affect, improve relationships, and obtain active and comprehensive transitional support. Originality/value Women with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders are a high-risk population for negative post-release outcomes, but limited information exists regarding the processes by which they relapse or retain recovery after release from prison. Findings inform treatment and aftercare development efforts.

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Acute drug-related mortality of people recently released from prisons

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Incidence and risk factors for non-fatal overdose among a cohort of recently incarcerated illicit drug users

Incidence and risk factors for non-fatal overdose among a cohort of recently incarcerated illicit drug users

Predictors of Illicit Drug Use Among Prisoners

“I know if I drink I won’t feel anything”: substance use relapse among depressed women leaving prison

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