Acute dissociation after 1 night of sleep loss.

Giesbrecht, Timo; Smeets, Tom; Leppink, Jimmie; Jelícic, Marko; Merckelbach, Harald

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.116.3.599

Cited by 82 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this study, there was a linear increase in hallucinations across the sleep deprivation period and, after removing the linear component from the data, there was a clear circadian rhythmicity in the percentage of individuals experiencing hallucinations at each time point. Moreover, dissociations have been measured during 24 hours of sleep deprivation (Giesbrecht, Smeets, Leppink, Jelicic, & Merckelbach, 2007) and increased during the early morning of the sleep deprivation period compared to baseline assessments during the normal waking portion of the day. These studies suggest a link to explain the relationship between insomnia and perceptual psychological symptoms that occur in disorders such as PTSD.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insomnia as predictor versus outcome of PTSD and depression among Iraq combat veterans

Wright¹,

Britt²,

Bliese³

et al. 2011

J Clin Psychol

231

158

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Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insomnia as predictor versus outcome of PTSD and depression among Iraq combat veterans

Wright¹,

Britt²,

Bliese³

et al. 2011

J Clin Psychol

231

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sleep deprivation results in the attenuation of functional connectivity among prefrontal and amygdalar structures (Yoo, Gujar, Hu, Jolesz & Walker, ) and in increased affective reactions in response to emotional stimuli (Franzen, Buysse, Dahl, Thompson & Siegle ). Dysfunctional fronto‐limbic networks with amygdalar over‐reactivity and relative frontal deactivation may constitute the neuroanatomical background of dissociative symptoms provoked by sleep loss (Giesbrecht, Smeets, Leppink, Jelicic & Merckelbach ) and shifting towards the encoding of dominantly negative emotional memories (Walker & Van Der Helm, ). Amygdalar over‐reactivity and frontal dysfunctions are prevalent in BPD, underlying affective dysregulation and dissociative symptoms (Bohus, Schmahl & Lieb, ).…”

Section: Early Studies: Fragmented Sleep In Bpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered sleep in Borderline Personality Disorder in relation to the core dimensions of psychopathology

Simor

Horváth

2013

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The aim of the study was to review the literature regarding sleep disturbances in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and to relate the reported sleep alterations to the underlying core dimensions of BPD pathology. We present a qualitative and theoretical review regarding the empirical studies that investigated objective and subjective sleep quality in BPD and in different psychiatric conditions showing high co-morbidity with this disorder. We show that disturbed sleep including sleep fragmentation, alterations in Slow Wave Sleep and REM sleep, and dysphoric dreaming are prevalent symptoms in BPD. We provide a framework relating the specific sleep alterations to the core dimensions of BPD pathology in order to clarify the inconsistencies of the different findings. The specific sleep disturbances in BPD seem to be related to different dimensions of psychopathological functioning and may have detrimental consequences on waking affect and cognition. Investigating disturbed sleep in BPD in relation to waking symptoms and underlying neural functioning would shed more light on the nature of this complex disorder. Moreover, a stronger emphasis on sleep disturbances would enrich the treatment protocols of BPD.

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“…Beyond these normal and brief overlaps of state markers, there can be a more severe blurring of state boundaries, due to environmental (e.g., sleep deprivation, stress) or biological (e.g., degenerative disorders, neurological injury) factors (Giesbrecht, Smeets, Leppink, Jelicic, & Merckelbach, 2007; Mahowald & Schenck, 2001a). Mahowald and Schenck (2001a) describe these mixtures of states as the result of “timing or switching errors in the normal process of the dynamic reorganization of the CNS as it moves from one state of being to another.…”

Section: Models For the Overlap Of Unusual Sleep Experiences Dissocimentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy: Evidence for a common domain

Koffel

Watson

2009

Clinical Psychology Review

101

140

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This paper reviews studies that have examined associations between unusual sleep experiences (including nightmares, vivid dreaming, narcolepsy symptoms, and complex nighttime behaviors) and dissociation and schizotypy. Using correlational studies and structural analyses, evidence is provided that unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy belong to a common domain. It is demonstrated that unusual sleep experiences show specificity to dissociation and schizotypy compared to other daytime symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, substance use) and other sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia, lassitude/fatigue). The paper also outlines the methodological limitations of the existing evidence and makes suggestions for future research. Finally, three models for the overlap of daytime and nighttime symptoms are reviewed, including biological abnormalities, trauma, and personality traits. Although further research is needed, it is suggested that daytime and nighttime symptoms result from problems with sleep-wake state boundaries, which may be precipitated by stress or trauma. In addition, association between daytime and nighttime symptoms can be attributed to the higher order personality trait of Oddity. Keywords dissociation; schizotypy; sleepPeople have long noted the phenotypic similarities between select nighttime experiences and daytime psychological symptoms, such nightmares and hallucinations. It is possible that phenotypically similar daytime and nighttime experiences are related, although this remains an empirical question. Specifically, it has been suggested that dissociation, schizotypy, and certain sleep experiences (i.e., nightmares, narcolepsy symptoms) belong to a domain that involves unusual cognitions and perceptions (Watson, 2001). Moreover, these daytime and nighttime experiences may share common processes under different contexts (e.g., walking around during the day versus lying in bed) (Butler, 2006;Watson, 2001), although the exact nature of these processes and whether they are due to biological or environmental factors is still uncertain.The purpose of this paper is to review evidence that certain sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy represent a common domain with shared etiology. We begin by defining dissociation and schizotypy and outline the disorders and symptom dimensions that will be Correspondence should be sent to Erin Koffel,

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Acute dissociation after 1 night of sleep loss.

Cited by 82 publications

References 42 publications

Insomnia as predictor versus outcome of PTSD and depression among Iraq combat veterans

Insomnia as predictor versus outcome of PTSD and depression among Iraq combat veterans

Altered sleep in Borderline Personality Disorder in relation to the core dimensions of psychopathology

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy: Evidence for a common domain

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