Acute Cytomegalovirus Infection Associated With Splenic Infarction: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Splenic infarction associated with acute cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) in immunocompetent patients was initially described as a very rare occurrence but has been reported in recent years with increasing frequency. Many cases undergo multiple investigations only to leave acute CMV as the likely cause. There is a risk of splenic rupture and, although this complication is rare, fatalities have occurred. Although the exact mechanism of CMV as a vascular pathogen is unclear, there are now multiple reports describing venous thrombosis and arterial infarction in the presence of this acute viral infection. Our case prompted a review of the literature, and we suggest splenic infarction should be recognised as a possible complication of acute CMV.

Clinical, Hematological, Biochemical and Radiological Characteristics for Patients With Splenic Infarction: Case Series With Literature Review

“…We showed the etiology of splenic infarction by searching case reports on splenic infarction published from 2019 to 2022 in Table 8 [ 6 - 67 ]. We found 65 case reports on splenic infarction during the searched period.…”

“…Infection Cytomegalovirus [6][7][8] Epstein-Barr virus [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Infective endocarditis [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] COVID-19 [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Dengue virus [36] Mycoplasma pneumoniae [37,38] Malaria [39,40] Scrub typhus [41,42] Aspergillus pericarditis [43] Babesiosis [44] Malignancy including neoplasm and myeloproliferative diseases…”