Acute Coronary Syndromes in Treatment‐Naïve Black South Africans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Abstract

Treatment-naïve HIV patients with ACS are younger and have fewer traditional risk factors than HIV-negative patients. HIV patients have less atherosclerotic but higher thrombotic burden which may imply a prothrombotic state in the pathogenesis of ACS in these patients.

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in African Patients with Critical Lower Limb Ischemia Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

“…These data are consistent with the high prevalence of smoking in HIV infected individuals with occlusive arterial disease in previous reports [3,18,25,26]. Smoking therefore represents an important confounder when assessing relationships between HIV and carotid IMT.…”

“…The characteristics of the HIV positive patients with CLI in the present study were similar to those reported on in prior studies describing the presence of occlusive arterial disease in HIV infected African patients [17,18]. In this regard, as with these previous studies [17,18], HIV positive patients with occlusive arterial disease were younger and had considerably less conventional risk factors other than smoking than HIV negative patients.…”

“…In this regard, as with these previous studies [17,18], HIV positive patients with occlusive arterial disease were younger and had considerably less conventional risk factors other than smoking than HIV negative patients. In prior studies conducted in HIV positive patients with occlusive arterial disease, the burden of atherosclerosis was considerably lower than HIV negative patients [17,18]. Thus, in the present study it is also possible that the burden of atherosclerosis was considerably lower in the HIV positive as compared to the HIV negative patients with CLI.…”

“…However, there are no studies that have explored the relationship between HIV and carotid IMT in patients with clinical manifestations of advanced occlusive arterial disease. In this regard, recent studies have indicated that HIV infected patients in Africa presenting with occlusive arterial disease may have fewer risk factors for atherosclerosis, and angiographically or at surgery they are more frequently noted to have a lower atherosclerotic burden [17,18]. Consequently, in the present study, we aimed to compare the extent to which IMT is increased independent of conventional risk factors in African patients with Chronic Critical Lower Limb Ischemia (CLI) who are HIV infected as compared to those without evidence of HIV.…”

Effect of co-administered lopinavir/ritonavir and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim on cardiac function and architecture of albino rats

“…7,8 The presence of HIV/AIDS-associated comorbidity and co-infections have necessitated the concurrent use of SMX/TMP and antiretroviral medications containing LPV/r which have been shown to be of clinical benefits. 9 The concurrent use of LPV/r with SMX/TMP may possibly place more toxicological burden on the heart which pumps blood that serves as a means of drug transportation.…”