Acute cor pulmonale due to lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in a child with AIDS

Abstract

Case presentation: A five-year-old male, infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HiV), was admitted at the division of infectious diseases of this hospital with cough, tachydyspnea, fever, and breathing difficulty. computed tomography scan showed ground-glass opacities, cystic lesions, and bronchiectasis. the patient had nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and keeled chest. Abdomen was depressible; liver was 3 cm from the right-costal border, while spleen was 6 cm from the left-costal border.Echocardiogram examinations showed signs of acute cor pulmonale characterized by pulmonary hypertension and increased right-heart chamber dimensions.Diagnostics outcome: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AiDs)-b3, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LiP), and acute cor pulmonale. regressions of pulmonary hypertension and of right-heart chamber were observed after 30 days of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAArt) and chloroquine therapy. Conclusion:AiDs should be considered in children with recurrent pneumonia that is mostly associated with LiP rather than cystic fibrosis.

Pulmonary hypertension in childhood interstitial lung disease: A systematic review of the literature

“…Commonly diagnosed at autopsy, the presence of ACD has been documented in several case series and a large number of case reports . There have also been small case series and/or case reports of pulmonary hypertension in several other specific chILD entities, none of which qualified for inclusion in our review, but include pulmonary hypoplasia, capillary hemangiomatosis, pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, pulmonary hemosiderosis, Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and pulmonary vasculitis with hyperesinophilia …”

Pulmonary Hypertension in Children across Africa: The Silent Threat

“…Children with LIP tend to have a high viral load and low CD4 counts [ 42 ]. Clinically, they will have digital clubbing, dyspnea, effort intolerance, and features of heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation murmur, and an accentuated pulmonary component coupled with chronic hypoxia in advanced disease [ 43 , 44 ]. The goal of therapy would be to switch to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and offer the standard PH treatment, including oxygen supplementation in severe cases.…”