Acute Contact Toxicity of Oxalic Acid to Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) and Their Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Hosts in Laboratory Bioassays

Aliano, Nicholas P.; Ellis, Marion D.; Siegfried, Blair D.

doi:10.1093/jee/99.5.1579

Cited by 43 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The 48 h-LD 50 value obtained was slightly higher than that recently reported by Aliano et al (2006). However, in their work the OA was dissolved in acetone and the different solvent used could have influenced OA absortion.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Short term negative effect of oxalic acid in Apis mellifera iberiensis

Martín-Hernández

Higes

Pérez

et al. 2007

Span. j. agric. res.

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The toxic effect of oxalic acid (OA) on Apis mellifera iberiensis was studied using field and laboratory assays. Bee deaths were higher in OA treated hives than in control hives. Pathological repercussions of topical application of 10% OA were observed in different internal honeybee organs. After 24 h, there were severe alterations in the ventricular epithelial layer while by 48 h there was clearly seen degeneration of the rectal epithelium. Irreversible lesions appeared at 48 h in different bee organs with increased cellular damage after 72 h. Indications are that the effect of the OA continues after initial contact and causes permanent lesions in digestive and excretory organs. Tissue distribution of the acid in different bee organs, after topical administration, suggests that some of the acid is ingested, in some way, by the bee.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Short term negative effect of oxalic acid in Apis mellifera iberiensis

Martín-Hernández

Higes

Pérez

et al. 2007

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…We used bioassay data from Aliano et al (2006) to determine the maximum volume of OA to apply to the packages. Aliano et al (2006) estimated the 48 h LD 50 for adult honey bees to be 372 μg per bee (95% CL = 307-440 μg per bee).…”

Section: Stocking Of Packagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aliano et al (2006) estimated the 48 h LD 50 for adult honey bees to be 372 μg per bee (95% CL = 307-440 μg per bee). We picked a high volume of 15 ml of a 2.8% OA solution per package to approximate a dose that was slightly less than the 48 h LD 50 for adult honey bees (equivalent to 9.3 ml per 1,000 bees).…”

Section: Stocking Of Packagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalic acid: a prospective tool for reducing Varroa mite populations in package bees

Aliano

Ellis

2009

Exp Appl Acarol

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Numerous studies have investigated using oxalic acid (OA) to control Varroa mites in honey bee colonies. In contrast, techniques for treating package bees with OA have not been investigated. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for using OA to reduce mite infestation in package bees. We made 97 mini packages of Varroa-infested adult bees. Each package contained 1,613 ± 18 bees and 92 ± 3 mites, and represented an experimental unit. We prepared a 2.8% solution of OA by mixing 35 g OA with 1 l of sugar water (sugar: water = 1:1; w:w). Eight treatments were assigned to the packages based on previous laboratory bioassays that characterized the acute contact toxicity of OA to mites and bees. We administered the treatments by spraying the OA solution directly on the bees through the mesh screen cage using a pressurized air brush and quantified mite and bee mortality over a 10-day period. Our results support applying an optimum volume of 3.0 ml of a 2.8% OA solution per 1,000 bees to packages for effective mite control with minimal adult bee mortality. The outcome of our research provides beekeepers and package bee shippers guidance for using OA to reduce mite populations in package bees.

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“…NOEL and LOEL were determined by one-way ANOVA after assessing the normal distribution and homogeneity of variance by the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. The determined mean LD50 value was compared with those reported by Aliano et al (2006) (372.01 µg OA per honeybee) and Martín-Hernández et al (2007) (530 µg OA per honeybee). This was compared by Student's t test for a single sample after assessing the normal distribution and homogeneity of variance by the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suggested OA dose is estimated per hive and based on a certain number of honeybees; however, these factors may be different in SWZU because of the local environmental conditions and the genetic mixture of Apis mellifera scutellata (Fewell and Bertram, 2002;Diniz et al, 2003;Carrasco-Letelier et al, 2012). There is also a lack of agreement between OA doses used and suggested in Uruguay (Campá et al, 2007;Ramallo et al, 2008) and the doses recommended in other studies, such as those by Aliano et al (2006) and Martín-Hernández et al (2007). In Uruguay, the OA dose is normally applied by trickling 5 mL per bee space (30-50 mL per hive) in a sucrose solution 1:1; a dose of 62.6 g L -1 (Campá et al, 2007) is administered in summer with brood as a strategy to reduce the varroa population, avoid the use of synthetic miticides, and allow a better performance of synthetic miticides in autumn.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Contact Toxicity Test of Oxalic Acid on Honeybees in the Southwestern Zone of Uruguay

Carrasco-Letelier

Mendoza²,

Ramallo³

2012

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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This work studies the acute contact toxicity of oxalic acid (OA) on a honeybee polyhybrid subspecies (Apis mellifera), which is the dominant biotype in southwestern zone of Uruguay (SWZU) and the country's most important honey-producing region. We determined the mean lethal dose (LD50), as well as the no observed effect level (NOEL) and the lowest observed effect level (LOEL) values. We also estimated the total number of honeybees per hive in the test area. The aim was to assess the relationship between the maximum OA dose used in Uruguay (3.1 g OA per hive) and the toxicological parameters of honeybees from SWZU. The current dose of 3.1 g OA per hive corresponds to 132.8 µg OA per honeybee since determined NOEL is 400 µg OA per honeybee; our results indicate that the current dose could be increased to 9.3 g OA per hive. The results also highlight some differences between the LD50 value in SWZU honeybees (548.95 µg OA per honeybee) and some published LD50 values for other honeybee subspecies.

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Acute Contact Toxicity of Oxalic Acid to Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) and Their Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Hosts in Laboratory Bioassays

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Short term negative effect of oxalic acid in Apis mellifera iberiensis

Short term negative effect of oxalic acid in Apis mellifera iberiensis

Oxalic acid: a prospective tool for reducing Varroa mite populations in package bees

Acute Contact Toxicity Test of Oxalic Acid on Honeybees in the Southwestern Zone of Uruguay

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