Acute cocoa flavanol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but not anabolic responses to amino acids in older men

Phillips, Bethan E.; Atherton, Philip J.; Varadhan, Krishna K.; Limb, Marie C.; Williams, John P.; Smith, Kenneth

doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0543

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Capillary density and endothelial function are also good indicators of microvascular function-both have been shown to decline with age and improve in response to exercise training [26,27]. It has been suggested that reduced microvascular blood flow may contribute to the anabolic resistance of muscle [28] which is observed with advancing age [20,29,30], however, data on this is not yet conclusive [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Background: The prevalence of vascular dysfunction increases with advancing age, as does the loss of muscle mass, strength and function. This systematic review explores the association between vascular dysfunction and skeletal muscle health in healthy adults. Methods: EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for cross-sectional and randomized controlled studies between January 2009 and April 2019, with 33 out of 1246 studies included based on predefined criteria. Assessments of muscular health included muscle mass, strength and function. Macrovascular function assessment included arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity or augmentation index), carotid intima-media thickness, and flow-mediated dilation. Microvascular health assessment included capillary density or microvascular flow (contrast enhanced ultrasound). Results: All 33 studies demonstrated a significant association between vascular function and skeletal muscle health. Significant negative associations were reported between vascular dysfunction and -muscle strength (10 studies); -mass (9 studies); and -function (5 studies). Nine studies reported positive correlations between muscle mass and microvascular health. Conclusions: Multiple studies have revealed an association between vascular status and skeletal muscle health in healthy adults. This review points to the importance of screening for muscle health in adults with vascular dysfunction with a view to initiating early nutrition and exercise interventions to ameliorate functional decline over time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…These data are the first to demonstrate that acute NO 3 Ϫ supplementation does not represent an effective nutritional strategy to enhance postprandial protein handling in vivo in humans. As acute dietary interventions to restore vascular function do not appear to increase postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates (13,37,41), longer-term intervention studies involving chronic supplementation of NO substrates may be necessary to enhance vascular function and augment the anabolic response to protein ingestion (30,48,59 …”

Section: E331 Dietary Nitrate Co-ingestion and Muscle Protein Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not augment postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in older, type 2 diabetes patients

Kouw

Cermak

Burd

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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13 C]leucine-labeled protein with (PRONO3) or without (PRO) sodium nitrate (0.15 mmol/kg). Blood and muscle samples were collected to assess protein digestion and absorption kinetics and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Upon protein ingestion, exogenous phenylalanine appearance rates increased in both groups (P Ͻ 0.001), resulting in 55 Ϯ 2% and 53 Ϯ 2% of dietary protein-derived amino acids becoming available in the circulation over the 5h postprandial period in the PRO and PRONO3 groups, respectively. Postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates based on L-[ring-2 H5]phenylalanine did not differ between groups (0.025 Ϯ 0.004 and 0.021 Ϯ 0.007%/h over 0 -2 h and 0.032 Ϯ 0.004 and 0.030 Ϯ 0.003%/h over 2-5 h in PRO and PRONO3, respectively, P ϭ 0.7). No differences in incorporation of dietary protein-derived L-[1-13 C]phenylalanine into de novo myofibrillar protein were observed at 5 h (0.016 Ϯ 0.002 and 0.014 Ϯ 0.002 mole percent excess in PRO and PRONO3, respectively, P ϭ 0.8). Dietary nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not modulate protein digestion and absorption kinetics, nor does it further increase postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates or the incorporation of dietary protein-derived amino acids into de novo myofibrillar protein in older, type 2 diabetes patients. dietary nitrate; protein ingestion; aging; type 2 diabetes; anabolic resistance AGING IS ASSOCIATED with loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, termed sarcopenia, and results in loss of functional capacity, a higher risk for hospitalization, and development of chronic metabolic diseases (33). Recently, we (20, 31), as well as others (25,35), showed that sarcopenia is more pronounced in older individuals with type 2 diabetes than in age-matched, normoglycemic controls. Since skeletal muscle tissue is a large site of postprandial glucose disposal, it is evident that the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass is often accompanied by an insulin-resistant state (20,31,35).Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is regulated by muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown rates. A chronic imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein breakdown rates contributes to the accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging. It has been well established that protein ingestion and the associated increase in postprandial plasma amino acids in the circulation directly increase muscle protein synthesis rates (15,26,34,50). However, the postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis following protein intake is impaired with aging, a phenomenon commonly referred to as anabolic resistance (15). This anabolic resistance to protein intake is considered to be a key factor in the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging. Although the factor(s) underpinning anabolic resistance remains unclear, age-related impairments in endothelium-dependent vasodilation and blood flow in response to nutrient (32) and exercise (19) stimuli are suggested to play a key role.The postprandial muscle protein synthetic re...

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“…Micro‐needle biopsies are a less traumatic alternative to the Bergström needle, with a yield of about 20 mg or less. The conchotome procedure provides tissue yields comparable to the Bergström needle . Open biopsies—which are preferred in the diagnosis of some forms of myositis—can provide greater than 1000 mg of muscle tissue but can be more traumatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conchotome procedure provides tissue yields comparable to the Bergström needle. 6 Open biopsies-which are preferred in the diagnosis of some forms of myositis-can provide greater than 1000 mg of muscle tissue 1 but can be more traumatic. Dorph et al 7 however reported comparable myositis detection rates when comparing open biopsies with repeated conchotome biopsies.…”

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Neurovascular structures in human vastus lateralis muscle and the ideal biopsy site

Chen

Abbey

Bharmal

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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A density model of neurovascular structures was generated from 28 human vastus lateralis muscles isolated from embalmed cadavers. The intramuscular portion of arteries, veins, and nerves was dissected, traced on transparencies, and digitized before adjustment to an average muscle shape using Procrustes analysis to generate density distributions for the relative positions of these structures. The course of arteries, veins, and nerves was highly variable between individual muscles. Nevertheless, a zone of lower average neurovascular density was found between the tributaries from the lateral circumflex femoral and the deep femoral arteries. While the area with the lowest density was covered by the iliotibial tract and would therefore not be suitable for biopsies, another low‐density area was located in the distal portion of vastus lateralis. This was just anterior to the iliotibial tract, in a zone that has been described as a good needle biopsy site. The reported complication rates of needle biopsies (0.1%‐4%) are in the range of expectations when simulated based on this model. It is concluded that the optimal human vastus lateralis biopsy site is in the distal portion of the muscle, between ½ and ¾ of the length from the greater trochanter to the lateral epicondyle, just anterior to the iliotibial band.

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Acute cocoa flavanol supplementation improves muscle macro- and microvascular but not anabolic responses to amino acids in older men

Cited by 18 publications

References 85 publications

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

Sodium nitrate co-ingestion with protein does not augment postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates in older, type 2 diabetes patients

Neurovascular structures in human vastus lateralis muscle and the ideal biopsy site

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