Acute cocaine abuse associated with cerebral infarction

Seaman, Matthew

doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(05)82137-7

Cited by 36 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Cocaine did not cause cytotoxic damage to neurons in animals. 16,17 In humans, chronic cocaine use is associated with cerebrovascular events such as hemorrhages, 18,19 cerebral vasculitis, 20 infarctions 21 and stroke, associated with MRI evidence of cerebral infarction 22 and increased prevalence of white matter signal hyperintensities. Computed tomography studies demonstrated cerebral atrophy, accompanied by primarily sulcal enlargements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical metabolite alterations in abstinent cocaine and cocaine/alcohol‐dependent subjects: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

et al. 1999

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Chronic abuse of cocaine or alcohol is associated with structural, neuropathological and cognitive impairments that have been documented extensively. Little is known, however, about neurobiochemical changes in chronic substance abusers.We performed MRI and multi-slice brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to assess neuronal viability (via N-acetylaspartate (NAA)) and white matter metabolite status in 22 4-months-abstinent individuals dependent on crack cocaine only and on both crack cocaine and alcohol. Compared to 11 non-dependent controls we found (1) significantly lower NAA measures in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the combined cocaine-dependent groups; (2) comparable spatial distribution and magnitude of these NAA effects for both cocaine-dependent groups; (3) higher choline-containing metabolites in frontal white matter of individuals dependent on both cocaine and alcohol; (4) absence of brain atrophy in both abstinent cocaine-dependent samples; and (5) partial recovery from prefrontal cortical NAA loss, primarily with abstinence from alcohol. The MRSI findings suggest preferential neuronal damage to the frontal cortex of both cocaine-dependent samples and gliosis in frontal white matter of individuals dependent on both alcohol and cocaine, conditions that persist for more than 4 months of abstinence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical metabolite alterations in abstinent cocaine and cocaine/alcohol‐dependent subjects: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

et al. 1999

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“…In prolonged abuse a lowering of seizure threshold unrelated to acute ingestion may occur resulting in spontaneous seizure activity. Subarachnoid haemorrhage (Lichtenfeld et al, 1984) and intracerebral thrombosis (Seaman, 1990) or haemorrhage may occur. Since not all patients who have a subarachnoid haemorrhage are found to have an underlying vascular abnormality, it has been postulated by Kaye and Fainstat (1987) that a vasculitis may result from cocaine use.…”

Section: Cocainementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of recreational drugs in trauma

Vidhani

Parr

2001

Trauma

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The association of trauma with illicit/recreational drugs is being increasingly recognized but is difficult to quantify. Significant amounts of these substances are readily available and may be taken alone, in combination with other drugs or with alcohol. The acute and chronic effects of these drugs result in numerous difficulties in management. Health-care workers involved in the treatment of trauma must have a high index of suspicion for the presence of drugs and a detailed knowledge of their effects. In this article we will review the scale of the problem, the common drugs abused and their effects, and we will discuss guidelines for management.

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“…Thrombotic events, including stroke and MI, have been reported following the use of cocaine [131]. A multifactorial mechanism has been proposed given the broad range of vascular and coagulation abnormalities which have been observed in these individuals.…”

Section: Cocainementioning

confidence: 99%

Seminars in Thrombosis, Thrombolysis, and Vascular Biology

Rc¹

1992

Cardiology

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Under normal physiologic conditions, blood flows freely within the coronary arteries and peripheral vasculature, providing oxygen and essential nutriments to vital organs and metabolically active tissues. The natural thromboresistant properties of the vascular endothelium and circulating blood components provide the ideal environment for this fundamental, life-sustaining process. While hemostasis is a vital defense mechanism, preventing blood loss and ensuring rapid vessel repair, nonphysiologic thrombosis or ‘hemostasis in the wrong place’ may impair blood flow enough to cause debilitating or life-threatening tissue damage. Procoagulant (prothrombotic) states promote nonphysiologic thrombosis and reflect one or more significant abnormalities in either the vessel wall, circulating blood, or plasma coagulation components themselves. Although a heightened thrombotic tendency may be the end result of a focal or systemic pathologic process, in either case, thromboembolic events involving the cardiovascular system may ensue.

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Acute cocaine abuse associated with cerebral infarction

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Cortical metabolite alterations in abstinent cocaine and cocaine/alcohol‐dependent subjects: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

Cortical metabolite alterations in abstinent cocaine and cocaine/alcohol‐dependent subjects: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

The role of recreational drugs in trauma

Seminars in Thrombosis, Thrombolysis, and Vascular Biology

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