Acute, chronic and sublethal effects of the herbicide propanil on Daphnia magna

Chronic Responses ofDaphnia magnaUnder Dietary Exposure to Leaves of a Transgenic (Event MON810) Bt–Maize Hybrid and its Conventional Near-Isoline

“…This is no trivial reduction and needs to be considered as an important biological effect. In order to explain these results, one needs to bear in mind that D. magna growth and fecundity are known to be affected by both adverse effects (Villarroel et al, 2003;Heugens et al, 2006), and food quality (Heugent et al, 2006;Müller-Navarra, 1995;Stige et al, 2004). …”

“…This includes (i) delayed reproduction and reduced clutch size and total fecundity at low toxin concentrations, with additional negative effects on body size and survival at high toxin concentrations (Villarroel et al, 2003;Heugens et al, 2006); (ii) severely impaired growth, reproduction, and survival (high toxicity); and (iii) early-life fecundity compensation at the expense of later growth and survival (low toxicity) (Bøhn et al, 2008).…”

Zooplankton community responses to the mixture of imazethapyr with imazapic and bispyribac-sodium herbicides under rice paddy water conditions

“…Even herbicides, such as imazethapyr, imazapic and bispyribac-sodium, and others routinely employed in rice production for the last decades and specifi cally designed to eliminate weeds, are reported in literature as hazardous at low concentrations, both to aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates (MOORE et al, 1998). Previous researches conducted by PERSCHBACHER et al (1997), VILLARROEL et al (2003) (propanil), PERSCHBACHER et al (2002) (clomazone and quinclorac), and SÁNCHEZ et al (2006) (profoxydim) showed that herbicides can affect zooplanktonic community. Paddy fi elds provide habitat for several non-target organisms, such as planktonic species, which play a key role in freshwater ecosystems as they occupy a central position in the food chain, transferring energy from primary producers to organisms at higher trophic levels (CHANG et al, 2005).…”

Adverse Effects of Herbicides on Freshwater Zooplankton

“…EC50 values indicated that reproductive parameters, like the number of young per female (0.21 mg/L) and brood size (0.26 mg/L) were the most sensitive endpoints in response to propanil exposure. The filtration and ingestion rates were reduced significantly after 5-h exposure to this herbicide; this would be related with lose of coordination and paralysis caused for toxic effects of herbicide on nervous system of D. magna (Villarroel et al, 2003).…”

“…Males were produced in stress situations, in response to environmental signals such as shortening day length, reductions in food supply and pheromones produced in crowded populations (Dodson et al, 1999). Villarroel et al (2003) compared acute toxicity, reproductive and growth, and feeding activity alterations in D. magna exposed to several concentrations of propanil herbicide in a 21-days study. Some parameters analyzed were affected by herbicide: Survivorship did not decrease with increasing concentration of propanil, except with higher concentration (0.55 mg/L); number of neonates born, brood size and number of broods per female as well as the intrinsic rate of growth (r) decreased as the concentrations of propanil increased in the medium.…”