Acute childhood exanthems

Bryant, Penelope A; Lester, Cathryn M.

doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.10.002

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…9 HFMD is a common childhood disease, mainly affecting children aged five years or younger, and is usually associated with EV71 and CVA16. 10,11 These viruses have been associated with outbreaks of HFMD in many parts of the world, 11 which commonly occur in summer and autumn in temperate regions. 12 A literature review has revealed that laboratory confirmation of suspected HFMD outbreaks is not often performed in South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral infections, such as measles and rubella, which are associated with childhood exanthems do not cause a rash on the palms and soles. 10 Caution should be exercised when assessing a rash on the palms and soles as a macular rash can appear brighter on these light-skinned parts, and can easily be confused with a petechial rash, which has a different aetiology. Enteroviruses can also cause a vesicular rash.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A6 in a patient infected with HIV

Mayaphi

Zyl

Sono

et al. 2015

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Case studyIn August 2013, a 12-year-old boy infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who has been on antiretroviral therapy for more than two years, presented to the Tshwane District Hospital HIV clinic with fever and a rash. His symptoms had started two days ago. The rash was mainly on the palms and soles, and was sometimes itchy. His antiretroviral (ARV) drug regimen consisted of zidovudine, lamivudine and nevirapine. He was no longer receiving prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia at the time of consultation.On examination, he was clinically stable and pyrexial (37.6 °C). The boy had a macular rash on his palms and soles (Figure 1), and a vesicular rash at the right corner of his mouth. There were dark streaks on his palate, and no other lesions. In addition to his ARV drugs, he was also prescribed mupirocin ointment and oral acyclovir. A blood sample for syphilis tests was taken on the day of consultation, and a stool sample was submitted a day later for enterovirus testing.Blood taken a month before this consultation revealed that the patient's HIV viral load was undetectable, and the CD4 count was 929 cells/µl (30.9%). The syphilis tests, rapid plasma reagin and the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay were all negative. Enterovirus realtime reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), carried out on a stool sample, tested positive. A leftover serum sample (after the syphilis testing) tested negative on enterovirus real-time RT-PCR.However, this sample was slightly haemolysed and was tested five days after collection. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the nested enterovirus RT-PCR products from the stool sample showed that the patient was infected with the coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) strain. At the follow-up visit, the patient and his guardian reported that the rash had disappeared completely without any complications, roughly a week after the consultation. MethodEthical approval for this investigation was obtained from the University A 12-year-old boy on treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented to an HIV clinic with fever and a rash on the palms and soles. The syphilis test were negative. Enterovirus was identified from a stool sample by PCR and characterised as as coxsackievirus A6(CVA6). The patient completely recovered a week later. CVA6 has recently been associated with HFMD. This case highlights the significance of the laboratory confirmation of suspected HFMD cases aand phylogenetic analysis of the identified virus.Peer reviewed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A6 in a patient infected with HIV

Mayaphi

Zyl

Sono

et al. 2015

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Common childhood illnesses can be bacterial and/or viral. They can include: fever, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, and skin rashes (Angoulvant et al, 2013;Bryant & Lester, 2014). Common childhood upper respiratory tract infections include otitis media, otitis externa, sinusitis, and pharyngitis (Alter, Vidwan, Sobande, Omoloja, & Bennett, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood vaccine status and correlation with common nonvaccine‐preventable illnesses

Anderson¹,

Arvidson

2017

Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners

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Background and purpose Current trends in parental decision making involve alteration from vaccine schedules in children, citing concerns for altered immune function. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in incidence of common childhood illnesses dependent on vaccination status. Methods An investigator‐designed survey was administered to parents of children aged 12 months to 7 years. Participants were separated into one of three groups: fully vaccinated, partially vaccinated, and unvaccinated. There were 111 total participants. Power analysis indicated a minimum of 30 participants per group to detect an 80% effect. Descriptive statistics were applied to variables with chi‐square for group comparison. Conclusions The results indicated a statistically significant difference between all three groups in the categories of ear infections, influenza, and common colds. Fully immunized group had significantly more ear infections than partial or unimmunized. The unimmunized group had significantly more colds and flu. Implications for practice Nurse practitioner practice implications relate directly to further education of parents, support, and trust building. Many parents question the possible association between childhood vaccines and immune function and have a distrust of current research. This study showed that most common childhood illnesses are equitable across the population and not dependent on vaccine status.

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Acute childhood exanthems

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A6 in a patient infected with HIV

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A6 in a patient infected with HIV

Childhood vaccine status and correlation with common nonvaccine‐preventable illnesses

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