Acute changes to breast milk composition following consumption of high‐fat and high‐sugar meals

Ward, E. Stacy; Yang, Ni; Mühlhäusler, Beverly S.; Leghi, Gabriela E.; Netting, Merryn; Elmes, M; Langley‐Evans, Simon C.

doi:10.1111/mcn.13168

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In support of this finding, Chen et al (2017) found mouse pups that were fostered to dams with greater levels of milk triglycerides weighed significantly more at P12 than pups that were fostered to control mice. Interestingly, while other studies have also demonstrated the role of increased fat consumption on milk triglyceride levels (Ward et al, 2021; Mohammad et al, 2014) our EE and SD dams did not differ in the composition of their diet or bodyweights. Notably, SD dams ate and drank more than EE mothers suggesting that EE positively contributes to milk triglycerides through a different mechanism.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Milking it for all it’s worth: The effects of environmental enrichment on maternal nurturance, lactation quality, and offspring social behavior

DeRosa

Tran

Kentner

2021

Preprint

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While alterations in the neonatal environment can have dramatic effects on offspring outcomes, the mechanisms that drive this phenomenon remain unclear. Breastfeeding confers robust benefits to offspring development, including those related to growth, immunity, and neurophysiology. Similarly, improving environmental complexity (i.e., environmental enrichment; EE) contributes developmental advantages to both humans and laboratory animal models. However, the impact of environmental context on maternal care and milk quality has not been thoroughly evaluated, nor are the biological underpinnings of EE on offspring development understood. Here, Sprague-Dawley rats were housed and bred in either EE or standard-housed (SD) conditions. Although EE dams gave birth to a larger number of pups, litters were standardized and cross-fostered across groups on postnatal day (P)1. Maternal milk samples were then collected on P1 (transitional milk phase) and P10 (mature milk phase) for analysis. While EE dams spent less time nursing, postnatal enrichment exposure was associated with heavier offspring bodyweights. Moreover, milk from EE dams had increased triglyceride levels compared to SD dams. Milk from EE mothers also contained a greater microbiome diversity and a significantly higher abundance of bacterial families related to bodyweight and energy metabolism. In addition to changes in lactational quality, we observed sex- and time-dependent effects of EE on offspring social behavior. Specifically, prenatal EE exposure was associated with greater sociability in females, while postnatal EE was associated with greater sociability in male offspring. Together, these results underscore the multidimensional impact of the combined neonatal and maternal environments on offspring development. These data also identify potential deficiencies in the quality of the "gold standard" laboratory housing condition and its impact on the welfare and design of translationally relevant animal models in biomedical research.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Milking it for all it’s worth: The effects of environmental enrichment on maternal nurturance, lactation quality, and offspring social behavior

DeRosa

Tran

Kentner

2021

Preprint

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“…reported that concentrations of macronutrients in milk showed little variation over a 3‐week‐period. Ward et al 148 . found considerable diurnal variation in composition.…”

Section: Implications For the Futurementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Acutely increasing maternal fat consumption did not impact on macronutrients in milk over a 12-h period, whereas, in contrast, an increase in sugar intake resulted in a rapid increase in milk triglycerides. 148 A lot more research is required to understand what type of diet may be optimal for the production of an anti-obesogenic milk profile by women and how this may vary between women of ideal weight and those who are overweight.…”

Section: Implications For the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

Early life programming of health and disease: The long‐term consequences of obesity in pregnancy

Langley‐Evans

2022

J Human Nutrition Diet

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The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in all parts of the world and, among young women, it presents a very clear danger during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are at greater risk of complications in pregnancy and labour, and are more likely to lose their child to stillbirth or die themselves during pregnancy. This narrative review considers the evidence that, in addition to increasing risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, obesity has the capacity to programme foetuses to be at greater risk of cardiometabolic disorders later in life. An extensive body of evidence from prospective and retrospective cohorts, as well as record linkage studies, demonstrates associations of maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes with cardiovascular disease, as well as type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies in animals suggest that these associations are underpinned by adaptations that occur in foetal life, which remodel the structures of major organs, including the brain, kidney and pancreas.

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“…However, this idea has been challenged by recent findings (Samuel et al 2020). For example, Ward and colleagues (Ward et al 2021) showed that high-fat and high-sugar meals result in acute changes (i.e., within 24 hours) in fat, lactose and protein levels in breast milk. Regarding human milk's micronutrients, there is probable evidence for an influence of maternal diet, although this differs for specific constituents (for a review, see Samuel et al 2020).…”

Section: Maternal Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk: From complex tailored nutrition to bioactive impact on child cognition and behavior

Weerth

Aatsinki

Azad

et al. 2022

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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j school of Human evolution and social Change, arizona state university, tempe, arizona, usa; k swammerdam institute for life sciences, Center for neuroscience, Brain Plasticity group, university of amsterdam, amsterdam, the netherlands; l department of nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, universiti Putra Malaysia, selangor, Malaysia; m department of women & Children's Health, King's College london, st thomas' Hospital, london, uK; n school of Hygiene and tropical Medicine, nutrition theme, MrC unit the Gambia and the london, Fajara, the GambiaBanjul; o the liggins institute, the university of auckland, auckland, new Zealand; p department of nutrition and Food science,

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Acute changes to breast milk composition following consumption of high‐fat and high‐sugar meals

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Milking it for all it’s worth: The effects of environmental enrichment on maternal nurturance, lactation quality, and offspring social behavior

Milking it for all it’s worth: The effects of environmental enrichment on maternal nurturance, lactation quality, and offspring social behavior

Early life programming of health and disease: The long‐term consequences of obesity in pregnancy

Human milk: From complex tailored nutrition to bioactive impact on child cognition and behavior

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